首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Dream Functions Dreaming is a common phenomenon. Practically all people dream, although whether they can【1】______ them is a
Dream Functions Dreaming is a common phenomenon. Practically all people dream, although whether they can【1】______ them is a
admin
2010-03-25
62
问题
Dream Functions
Dreaming is a common phenomenon. Practically all people dream,
although whether they can【1】______ them is a different matter. 【1】______
An experiment eliciting people’s responses to the question ’What
did you dream about last night?’ shows the【2】______ of the activity. It is 【2】______
found that everyone in normal health spends part of their night
dreaming and there are many different【3】______ of dream performing 【3】______
different functions.
The first function of dreams is that of the experience-【4】______, i.e. 【4】______
the mind reviews past experience and learns the lesson of that
experience. Often the dream represents a more, or less,【5】______ course 【5】______
of action or outcome than the real event.
The second function of dreams is the【6】______ type. They help to 【6】______
solve problems by suggesting answers, or【7】______ difficulties and 【7】______
indicating a way round them.
The third function is that of wish【8】______. In our dreams we 【8】______
satisfy desires whose gratification is denied to us.
Dreams also function to【9】______ us to some external reality, 【9】______
usually by some sensory stimulus.
The final, and the most【10】______ one, is the predictive function. 【10】______
Throughout the ages men have believed that future events will be
predicted in dreams.
We are not clear whether these are all the functions that dreams
may have.
【8】
Dream Functions
Do you often dream? What do you usually see in your dreams? Can you always remember your dreams next morning? From the variety of responses which we could hear to the question ’What did you dream about last night?’ we begin to get an idea of the range of the activity. Research has shown that everyone in normal health spends part of the night dreaming. Remembering the dreams is, of course, a different matter. And just as there are many different types of dream, so, we may suppose, do dreams have a variety of functions? Let us examine just five of many here.
The first is that of the experience-monitoring dream. In this, the mind reviews past experience the previous day’s or some event in the more distant past—as a way of learning the lesson of that experience. Often the dream has a consequence different from what actually happened, representing a more, or less, desirable course of action or outcome than the real event. After an unsuccessful interview for a job, I dreamed that I was in the same room, before the same people, but speaking this time calmly and persuasively. The conclusion to be drawn from the experience was underlined by the dream, that I should not become nervous and flustered in that particular situation.
If that dream had occurred before my interview, it would have been of the creative type. One important function of the dream is to help to solve problems by suggesting answers, or predicting difficulties and indicating a way round them. Another creative type of dream is one in which the imagination operates in an unusually powerful and productive manner. Large parts of ’Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ came to the author Robert Louis Stevenson in dreams.
The dream function to which Freud and his followers attached greatest importance was that of wish fulfillment. According to the great Viennese psychiatrist, in our dreams we satisfy desires which our circumstances, personal inhibitions, or the rules of the society in which we live, deny us the gratification, or even the conscious knowledge. It is my opinion that wish-fulfillment operates at several levels, of which the simplest require neither a complex nor symbolic explanation.
The fourth dream function is that which alerts us to some external reality, usually by some sensory stimulus; the dream of being at or in a fire from which we awake to find a cigarette smoldering in a bedside ashtray. In this way the senses send messages to the ’sleeping’ mind, warning us of the need to awake in order to take some form of action.
Finally, the most controversial, the predictive function. Whether or not we believe in the possibility of events being predicted in dreams, the fact is that throughout the ages men have done so. Perhaps the most famous example, celebrated in Christianity and Islam alike, not to mention Judaism, is that of Joseph’s interpretation of the dream of the Pharaoh of Egypt. When the ruler dreamed of seven fat cattle being eaten by seven thin, Joseph predicted that there would be seven years of plenty in the land, followed by seven years of famine, and that is what came to pass.
What other dream functions can you think of? Whatever your answer, it is true that dreams are part of our life.
选项
答案
fulfilment
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/wWqO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Ateamofworld-leadingneuro-scientistshasdevelopedapowerfultechniquethatallowsthemtolookdeepinsideaperson’sbrai
A、Whatchildrencandotogetrewards.B、Howchildrenlearnsocialbehaviors.C、Whyitisimportanttohaveachildinafamily.
NextmonthalargegroupofBritishbusinesspeoplearegoingtoAmericaonaventurewhichmaygenerateexportearningsforthe
当今世界,可以有各种各样的污染。工厂将废料排放到空气中,倒人河流湖泊。卡车和火车的噪声是另一种形式的污染。(这些噪声)让我们整夜无法人睡,甚至在白天也让我们难以安静思考。再者,我们处于丑陋(现象)的包围之中。树木太少,草地稀缺,太多的钢筋水泥。我认为,解决
A、Acarefulcheckhasrevealedthatyourproductsarenotofgoodqualities.B、Moreofficeworkersareneededinreviewingthea
Next,let’stalkaboutearthquakesonourPlanet.Somecountrieshavelargenumbersofearthquakes.Japanisoneofthem.Others
在我看来,家庭作业对教师和学生来说往往就是相当重的负担。减负能使学生、家长和教师之间产生更多的直接交流机会。
①窗前挂着一串淡紫色的风铃,仿佛也和我拥有着同样的寂寞,似乎已经忘记了它在夏季中怎样歌唱。②在此时,一个冷冷的冬季,留下寂寞的风铃,在窗前苦苦等待。③难道,风儿真的也把它的友伴遗忘了吗?④可是,分明听见风儿在空中无奈地呼唤,有力拍打着窗棂,却没有一点点回响
新加坡报纸说,中国是世界四大文明占国之一,地大物博,拥有茂密的森林、壮丽的山河,如利剑直插云霄的高峰、雄伟壮丽的瀑布、秀丽的湖泊及富有中华文化光辉的名胜古迹,令世界各国人民神往。但是,更重要的是,中国具有五千多年的历史,遗留下无数的历史文物、珍珠宝藏、古迹
随机试题
老年患者,眩晕耳鸣,头痛且胀,面时潮红,急躁易怒,少寐多梦,目赤口苦,便干溲赤,舌苔黄燥,脉象弦数,其治疗主方应为()
在进行企业内部环境分析时,从哪几方面来进行组织能力分析?
已知d[e-xf(x)]=exdx,且f(0)=0,则f(x)=()
A.川贝母B.浙贝母C.瓜蒌D.竹茹E.竹沥既能清热化痰,又能除烦止呕的药物是
A.药品经营企业B.首营企业C.首营品种D.药品直调E.处方调配购进药品时,与本企业首次发生供需关系的药品生产或经营企业称为()。
下列关于建造师执业的有关说法中,正确的有()。
效度的评估方法()。
简述德育的方法。
信度(南京师范大学,2010)
AccompanyingIndia’sindustrialtransformationhasbeenanotherrevolutionofprofoundsignificance.Aproperty-owningmiddlecl
最新回复
(
0
)