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  3. Bringing up children is hard work, and you are often to blame for any bad behavior of your children. If so, Judith Rich Hams has

Bringing up children is hard work, and you are often to blame for any bad behavior of your children. If so, Judith Rich Hams has

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问题     Bringing up children is hard work, and you are often to blame for any bad behavior of your children. If so, Judith Rich Hams has good news for you. Parents, she argues, have no important long-term effects on the development of the personality of their children. Far more important are their playground friends and neighborhood companions. Ms. Harris takes to bits the assumption which has dominated developmental psychology for almost half a century.
    Ms Harris’s attack on the developmentalists’ "nurture" argument looks likely to reinforce doubts that the profession was already having. If parents matter, why is it that two adopted children, reared in the same home, are no more similar in personality than two adopted children reared in separate homes? Or that a pair of identical twins, reared in the same home, are no more alike than a pair of identical twins reared in different homes?
    Difficult as it is to track the precise effects of parental upbringing, it may be harder to measure the exact influence of the peer group in childhood and adolescence. Ms Harris points to how children from immigrant homes soon learn not to speak at school in the way their parents speak. But acquiring a language is surely a skill, rather than a characteristic of the sort developmental psychologists hunt for. Certainly it is different from growing up tensely or relaxedly, or from learning to be honest or hard-working or generous. Easy though it may be to prove that parents have little impact on those qualities, it will be hard to prove that peers have vastly more.
    Moreover, mum and dad surely cannot be ditched completely. Young adults may, as Ms Harris argues, be keen to appear like their contemporaries. But even in those early years, parents have the power to open doors: they may initially choose the peers with whom their young associate, and pick that influential neighborhood. Moreover, most people suspect that they come to resemble their parents more in middle age, and people’s child-rearing habits may be formed partly by what their parents did. So the balance of influences is probably complicated, as most parents already suspected without being able to demonstrate it scientifically. Even if it turns out that the genes they pass on and the friends their children play with matter as much as affection, discipline and good example, parents are not completely off the hook.
选项 A、Children tend to assume their parents’ personality.
B、Children reared in the same home are similar in personality.
C、Children are more influenced by their peers than by their parents.
D、Identical twins under the same parents develop separate personalities.
答案B
解析 推理判断题。此题考查的是developmentalists 的观点。这个词出现在第二段第一句，这句话中的attack on表明了Ms Harris是反对developmentalists 的观点的。那么Ms Harris的观点是什么呢?根据第一段可知，Ms Harris支持的观点是Parents...have no important long-term effects on the development of the personality of their children。由此可以推断，developmentalists是反对这一观点的。弄清了各自的立场之后，再来看第二段第二句。首先要理解no more...than...的意思是“与…同样不…”。这句话是说，two adopted children reared in separate homes的个性不同是正常的，如果父母果真有影响的话，那么为什么two adopted children reared in the same home也不同呢?也就是说，如果 developmentalists的观点正确的话，two children reared in the same home的个性应该相同。因此，选项B最为合适。
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