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  3. Climate change threatens sustainable development and all eight Millennium Development Goals. The international community agreed

Climate change threatens sustainable development and all eight Millennium Development Goals. The international community agreed

admin2016-10-20  73
问题     Climate change threatens sustainable development and all eight Millennium Development Goals. The international community agreed at the beginning of the new millennium to eradicate extreme hunger and poverty by 2015. Yet, today, climate change is already responsible for forcing some fifty million additional people to go hungry and driving over ten million additional people into extreme poverty. Between one-fifth and one-third of Official Development Assistance is in climate-sensitive sectors and thereby highly exposed to climate risks.
    To avert the worst outcomes of climate change, adaptation efforts need to be scaled up by a factor of more than 100 in developing countries. The only way to reduce the present human impact is through adaptation. But funding for adaptation in developing countries is not even one percent of what is needed. The multilateral funds that have been pledged for climate change adaptation funding currently amount to under half a billion US dollars.
    Despite the lack of funding, some cases of successful adaptation do provide a glimmer of hope. Bangladesh is one such example. Cyclone Sidr, which struck Bangladesh in 2007, demonstrates how well adaptation and prevention efforts can pay off. Disaster preparation measures, such as early warning systems and storm-proof houses, minimized damage and destruction. Cyclone Sidr’s still considerable death toll of 3,400, and economic damages of $ 1. 6 billion, nevertheless compare favourably to the similar scale cyclone Nargis, which hit Myanmar in 2008, resulting in close to 150, 000 deaths and economic losses of around $ 4 billion.
    Solutions do also exist for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, some even with multiple benefits. For instance, black carbon from soot, released by staple energy sources in poor communities, is likely causing as much as 18 percent of warming. The provision of affordable alternative cooking stoves to the poor can, therefore, have both positive health results, since smoke is eliminated, and an immediate impact on reducing emissions, since soot only remains in the atmosphere for a few weeks. Integrating strategies between adaptation, mitigation, development and disaster risk reduction can and must be mutually reinforcing. Climate change adaptation, mitigation, humanitarian assistance and development aid underpin each other, but are supported by different sets of institutions, knowledge centres, policy frameworks and funding mechanisms. These policies are essential to combat the human impact of climate change, but their links to one another have received inadequate attention.
The word "underpin" (para. 4) is closest in meaning to______.
选项 A、complement
B、offset
C、support
D、underscore
答案C
解析
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