首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial s
In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial s
admin
2020-08-17
65
问题
In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial stress. In part, this stress can be attributed to the overlords’ failure to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy, but the stress was also due to factors beyond the overlords’ control. Concentration of the samurai in castle-towns had acted as a stimulus to trade. Commercial efficiency, in turn, had put temptations in the way of buyers. Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive. Overlords’ income, despite the increase in rice production among their tenant farmers, failed to keep pace with their expenses. Although shortfalls in overlords’ income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors (the nearly inevitable outcome of hereditary office-holding) as from their higher standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing an increase in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once in debt, neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy to recover.
It was difficult for individual samurai overlords to increase their income because the amount of rice that farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited, and since the income of Japan’s central government consisted in part of taxes collected by the shogun from his huge domain, the government too was constrained. Therefore, the Tokugawa shoguns began to look to other sources for revenue. Cash profits from government-owned mines were already on the decline because the most easily worked deposits of silver and gold had been exhausted, although debasement of the coinage had compensated for the loss. Opening up new farmland was a possibility, but most of what was suitable had already been exploited and further reclamation was technically unfeasible. Direct taxation of the samurai themselves would be politically dangerous. This left the shoguns only commerce as a potential source of government income.
Most of the country’s wealth, or so it seemed, was finding its way into the hands of city merchants. It appeared reasonable that they should contribute part of that revenue to ease the shogun’s burden of financing the state. A means of obtaining such revenue was soon found by levying forced loans, known as goyo-kin; although these were not taxes in the strict sense, since they were irregular in timing and arbitrary in amount, they were high in yield. Unfortunately, they pushed up prices. Thus, regrettably, the Tokugawa shogunsl search for solvency for the government made it increasingly difficult for individual Japanese who lived on fixed stipends to make ends meet.
Which of the following financial situations is most analogous to the financial situation in which Japan’s Tokugawa shoguns found themselves in the eighteenth century?
选项
A、A small business borrows heavily to invest in new equipment, but is able to pay off its debt early when it is awarded a lucrative government contract.
B、Fire destroys a small business, but insurance covers the cost of rebuilding.
C、A small business is turned down for a loan at a local bank because the owners have no credit history.
D、A small business has to struggle to meet operating expenses when its profits decrease.
答案
D
解析
主旨大意题。第一段指出,18世纪日本德川幕府面临着财务压力并分析其原因。第二段列举了德川幕府寻找的三个收入来源均不可行。第三段说明向商人强制性贷款的方案也最终失败。由此可知,本文主要讲18世纪日本德川幕府面临收支不平衡的境况,并寻找解决办法。D项描述的小企业在利润减少的情况下努力支付经营费用与之相似,故为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/H8ra777K
本试题收录于:
翻译硕士(翻译硕士英语)题库专业硕士分类
0
翻译硕士(翻译硕士英语)
专业硕士
相关试题推荐
1972年,()在哥本哈根召开的第三届国际应用语言学会议上首次发表了《翻译学的名与实》(TheNameandNatureofTranslationStudies)一文,该论文被普遍认为是“翻译学学科的创建宣言”。
Itwasn’tsomuchthatIdislikedher______thatIjustwasn’tinterestedinthewholebusiness.
Cynicsbelievethatpeoplewho______complimentsdosoinordertobepraisedtwice.
Mencannotmanufacturebloodasefficientlyaswomencan.Thismakessurgeryriskierformen.Menalsoneedmoreoxygenbecause
Catherine’smotherwas______illlastsummer,butfortunately,shewasmakingaslowbutsteadyrecoveryafteranoperationwas
Studentsfroma______backgroundhaveanadvantageatuniversity.
It’snothingnewthatEnglishuseisontherisearoundtheworld,especiallyinbusinesscircles.ThisalsohappensinFrance,
"Masterpiecesaredumb,"wroteFlaubert,"Theyhaveatranquilaspectliketheveryproductsofnature,likelargeanimalsandm
What’sthechance______fiveheadswhenyoutossacoinfivetimes?
随机试题
设z=xsiny,求dz。
关于肝细胞癌的MRI表现,错误的是
对热力管道焊缝质量的检验有()等几种方法。
出票人在付款人处的存款足以支付支票金额时,付款人应当在()足额付款。
公共物品供给的资金提供方式是联合融资时,政府常以()方式鼓励私人机构提供公共物品。
加强公安教育训练的正规化建设,就要统一训练标准,即()制定训练标准。
在我国,非法人组织的类型包括
“风定花犹落,鸟鸣山更幽”,此诗句体现了运动和静止的关系是
在UML的各种视图中,(45)显示外部参与者观察到的系统功能;(46)从系统的静态结构和动态行为角度显示系统内部如何实现系统的功能;(47)显示的是源代码以及实际执行代码的组织结构。
Computershavebeentaughttoplaynotonlycheckers,butalsochampionshipchess,whichisafairlyaccurateyardstickformeas
最新回复
(
0
)