2. 考研
  3. Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960’s when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federal

Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960’s when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federal

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问题     Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960’s when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistance available to minority business enterprises. While this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses, the results were disappointing, since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations, and capital shortages led to high failure rates. Even years after the program was implemented, minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economy’s total receipts.
    Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting larger, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies. In this approach, large corporations participate in the development of successful and stable minority businesses by making use of government-sponsored venture capital. The capital is used by a participating company to establish a Minority Enterprise Small Business Investment Company or MESBIC. The MESBIC then provides capital and guidance to minority businesses that have potential to become future suppliers or customers of the sponsoring company.
    MESBIC’s are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available. Further, since potential markets for the minority businesses already exist through the sponsoring companies, the minority businesses face considerably less risk in terms of location and market fluctuation. Following early financial and operating problems, sponsoring corporations began to capitalize MESBIC’s far above the legal minimum of $500,000 in order to generate sufficient income and to sustain the quality of management needed. MESBIC’s are now emerging as increasingly important financing sources for minority enterprises.
    Ironically, MESBIC staffs, which usually consist of Hispanic and Black professionals, tend to approach investments in minority firms more pragmatically than do many MESBIC directors, who are usually senior managers from sponsoring corporations. The latter often still think mainly in terms of the "social responsibility approach" and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant. Such differences in viewpoint have produced uneasiness among many minority staff members, who feel that minority entrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by established business considerations. These staff members believe their point of view is closer to the original philosophy of MESBIC’s and they are concerned that, unless a more prudent course is followed, MESBIC directors may revert to policies likely to re-create the disappointing results of the original SBA approach.
The author’s primary objective in the passage is to________.
选项 A、disprove the view that federal efforts to aid minority businesses have been ineffective
B、explain how federal efforts to aid minority businesses have changed since the 1960’s
C、establish a direct link between the federal efforts to aid minority businesses made before the 1960’s and those made in the 1980’s
D、analyze the basis for the belief that job-specific experience is more useful to minority businesses than is general management experience
答案B
解析 事实细节题。本文第一段介绍了联邦政府从20世纪60年代起援助少数民族企业的SBA措施，第二段至第四段介绍了联邦政府近期援助少数民族企业的MESBIC措施。四个选项中，B项能够表达联邦政府从20世纪60年代到近期对少数民族企业援助方式的变化，故为答案。文中提到了直接援助措施的失败，但没有否认联邦政府的努力，故排除A项；文中没有提及60年代之前的联邦政府项目，故排除C项；文中也没有分析哪种经验对少数民族企业更有用，故排除D项。
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