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  3. As a medium of exchange, money permits the separation of exchange into the two distinct acts of buying and selling, without requ

As a medium of exchange, money permits the separation of exchange into the two distinct acts of buying and selling, without requ

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问题     As a medium of exchange, money permits the separation of exchange into the two distinct acts of buying and selling, without requiring the seller to purchase goods from the person who buys his products, or vice versa. Hence producers who know they will be paid in money, can concentrate on finding the most suitable outlet (销路) for their goods, while buyers who will pay in money, can concentrate on finding cheapest market for the things they wish to purchase. Specialization, which is vital to an advanced economy, is encouraged, because people whose output is not a complete product but only a part of one in which many others are involved can be paid an amount equivalent (等价物,等值物) to their share of the product.
    Another advantage of money is that it is a measure of value—that is, it serves as a unit in terms of which the relative values of different products can be expressed. In a barter economy it would be necessary to determine how many plates were worth one hundred weight of cotton, or how many pens should be exchanged for a ton of coal, which would be a difficult and time-consuming task. The process of establishing relative values would have to be undertaken for every act of exchange, according to what products were being offered against one another, and according to the two parties’ desires and preferences. If I am trying to barter fish for bananas, for example, a lot would depend on whether the person willing to exchange bananas is or is not keen on fish.
    Thirdly, money acts as a store of wealth. It is difficult to imagine saving under a barter system. No one engaged in only one stage in the manufacture of a product could save part of his output, since he would be producing nothing complete. Even when a person actually produced a complete product the difficulties would be overwhelming. Most products deteriorate fairly rapidly, either physically or in value, as a result of long storage; even if storage were possible, the practice of storing products for years on would involve obvious disadvantages—imagine a coal-miner attempting to save enough coal, which of course is his product, to keep him for life. If wealth could not be saved, or only with great difficulty, future needs could not be provided for, or capital accumulated to raise productivity.  
A barter economy is one in which______.
选项 A、value is decided by weight
B、value is decided by number
C、money is used and goods are not exchanged
D、goods are exchanged and money is not used
答案D
解析 本题是具体细节题。问易货贸易经济是一种什么经济。利用查阅式阅读法，我们可以在文章第二段中找到相关信息。这段指出，货币的第二个作用是价格尺度，它可以用来衡量不同产品的相对价格。在易货经济中，人们必须确定一百重量单位的棉花值多少个盘子，或是一吨煤应换多少支钢笔，这是一种既困难又费时的工作。确定相对价格的过程必须通过交换的每一个行为来完成，比如说要按照双方各提供的不同商品、双方的愿望和喜好等。例如，如果我想用鱼换香蕉，很大程度上要看对方是否愿意换出香蕉或是人家对鱼是否感兴趣。由此可知易货经济是以物换物、不用货币的经济。所以，本题的正确答案应是D。
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