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  3. Cautious About the Principle of Zero-Tolerance in School We don t really know what we want. That’s the conclusion of a socia

Cautious About the Principle of Zero-Tolerance in School We don t really know what we want. That’s the conclusion of a socia

admin2013-07-08  30
问题             Cautious About the Principle of Zero-Tolerance in School
    We don t really know what we want. That’s the conclusion of a social psychologist who decided to test just how committed parents and others are to zero-tolerance polices that many schools have adopted to fight drug use by teenagers.
    Colgate University psychologist Kevin Carlsmith concluded that people fail to recognize that a zero-tolerance policy that seems simple and effective in theory will violate their sense of justice when they see it in practice. And that’s exactly the response I’ve been getting to my column last week about Josh Anderson, the Fairdax high school junior who killed himself on the eve of a disciplinary hearing that was likely to have ended with his expulsion for being caught on campus with a small amount of marijuana.
    I’ve heard from hundreds of parents whose kids—like Josh—have gotten caught up in a punishment system that fails to distinguish between drug users and dealers.
    A Prince William County parent describes how his son faced expulsion after being found with less that one gram of marijuana.
    The boy was not permitted to graduate and had to repeat his senior year through home schooling because the county would not permit him to attend its schools. " It seems incredibly stupid to take a child with problems by removing support," the father writes.
    Carlsmith found that most people choose punishments designed more for retribution than to create deterrence against future wrongdoing. "A person focused on deterring future crime ought to be sensitive to the frequency of the crime, the likelihood of its detection, the publicity of the punishment, and so forth," the professor writes.
    The professor asked participants about a case like a real one in which a 13-year- old girl gave a Midol pill to a friend at school to relieve the friend’s menstrual cramps. The survey asked whether expulsion or student-parent conferences with a guidance counselor would be the better response than expel her. Once they heard the details of the Midol case, 88 percent of those who had earlier endorsed the idea of a zero-tolerance policy reversed themselves.
    We like the idea of zero tolerance and don’t realize how unfairly it can treat people until we are slapped in the face with disproportionate results.
    In the end, the psychologist concludes, "when it comes to introspection, we are all strangers to ourselves."
    In a fascinating postscript, Carlsmith asked whether a school with a zero-tolerance policy had a worse or less severe problem with drug use than a school with a more flexible approach. Those surveyed thought the zero-tolerance school had the more severe problem. Is that what the Fairfax school board really wants to communicate about its schools?
What is Kevin Carlsmith’s conclusion about zero-tolerance policy?
选项 A、It is simple and effective in dealing with students’ drug use.
B、It sometimes treats people unfairly.
C、It brings about some kind of violence.
D、Schools with zero-tolerance policy would have less severe drug use crime.
答案B
解析 推理判断题。由题干中的Kevin Carlsmith定位到第二段第一句可知，高露洁大学的心理学家凯文·卡尔史密斯总结到：人们没有意识到理论上简单而有效的零容忍的原则而实际上却违背了他们的正义感。故[B]“它有时会不公正地对待犯错的人”与原文“违背正义感”意思一致，故正确。[A]“它可以简单有效地处理瞌药的问题”，原文说的是理论上简单有效的，与原文不符，故排除；[C]“它会引发暴力”，原文没有提及，故排除；[D]“采取零容忍原则的学校嗑药的情况会轻一些”，不是凯文·卡尔史密斯的结论，故排除。
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