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  3. Immigration is in the headlines again, with President Obama’s decision last week to stop deporting young illegal immigrants who

Immigration is in the headlines again, with President Obama’s decision last week to stop deporting young illegal immigrants who

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问题     Immigration is in the headlines again, with President Obama’s decision last week to stop deporting young illegal immigrants who came to the United States as children, and the Supreme Courts approaching decision on the constitutionality of Arizona’s crackdown on undocumented migrants. But too much of the public debate has focused on the legality of immigration without considering a more fundamental question: What effects has mass immigration had on American society?
    As a result of the 1965 immigration act, which opened the door widely to non-European immigrants, 40 million foreign-born immigrants now live in the United States. They make up 13 percent of the population, the largest such proportion since the 1920s. More than half of these migrants are from Latin America and the Caribbean, although a study released Tuesday by the Pew Research Center found that Asians overtook Hispanics in 2009 as the fastest-growing group of immigrants.
    For the May issue of the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, some of the most meticulous research was done about the effects of immigration on a cross section of American communities—urban, suburban and rural. The scholars who participated were in remarkable agreement: while new immigrants are poorer than the general population and face considerable hardship, there is no evidence that they have reshaped the social fabric in harmful ways.
    America is neither less safe because of immigration nor is it worse off economically. In fact, in the regions where immigrants have settled in the past two decades, crime has gone down, cities have grown, poor urban neighborhoods have been rebuilt, and small towns that were once on life support are springing back. Scholars can’t say for sure that immigration caused these positive developments, but we know enough to reject the notion that immigrants worsen social ills.
    Scholars found that immigrant youths in Los Angeles were involved in less crime and violence than their native-born peers in similar economic circumstances. Research also has shown that an increase in immigration in cities like San Antonio and Miami did not produce an increase in the homicide rate. Furthermore, social scientists found that people in immigrant communities in New York were less cynical about the law than were people in less diverse communities; they were also more likely to indicate that they would cooperate with the police.
    If migration has had such beneficial effects, why, then, has there been such a persistent backlash? Part of the answer surely lies in the social changes—language, political attitudes, religious mores—that immigrants bring, in addition to the effects of the recession. The leveling-off of migration, especially from Mexico, may bring a sense of relief to opponents of these social changes, but if the new research is any guide, the consequences of the slowdown may be the opposite of what the critics intend.
    Mr. Obama’s decision to exempt undocumented children who were brought to the United States by their parents from harsh deportation rules is an overdue, but welcome, first step. Establishing a clear path to citizenship for undocumented adults, creating a more permissive guest-worker program, reducing unwarranted police stops of immigrants and preserving families rather than separating them through deportation are controversial ideas, but they deserve a hearing.
To show the desirable effects of immigration, the author makes use of________.
选项 A、introduction
B、comparison
C、explanation
D、induction
答案B
解析 事实细节题。第四、五段阐述了移民的有利影响。第四段说明了移民居住地区在移民到来后发生了许多良性变化，是在时间上进行对比；第五段通过对比洛杉矶移民青年与本地青年的犯罪率、圣安东尼奥和迈阿密等城市移民数量增加前后的杀人案件情况、纽约移民社区居民与本地居民对待法律态度更客观这三方面阐述了移民对美国带来的有利影响。由此可知，作者通过对比的方式表明移民的影响，B项表述正确，故为答案。
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