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  3. Knowing that you are paid less than your peers has two effects on happiness. One is negative: a thinner pay packet hurts self-es

Knowing that you are paid less than your peers has two effects on happiness. One is negative: a thinner pay packet hurts self-es

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问题     Knowing that you are paid less than your peers has two effects on happiness. One is negative: a thinner pay packet hurts self-esteem(自尊). The other is called the "tunnel" effect: the income gap is seen as improving your own chances of similar riches.
    A paper co-authored by Felix FitzRoy of the University of St. Andrews separates the two effects using data from household surveys in Germany. Previous work showed that the income of others can have a small, or even positive, overall effect on employees’ satisfaction in individual firms in Denmark or in very dynamic economies, such as Eastern Europe. But Mr. FitzRoy’s team proposed that older workers, who largely know their lifetime incomes already, will enjoy a much smaller tunnel effect. The negative effect on reported levels of happiness of being paid less than your peers is not visible for people aged under 45. In western Germany, seeing peers’ incomes rising actually makes young people happier. It is only those people over 45, when careers have "reached a stable position", whose happiness is harmed by the success of others.
    The prospect of more than 20 years of hard work might make retirement seem more attractive. Those with jobs are no happier after they retire, however, perhaps because their lives already agree with social expectations. Unemployment is known to damage happiness because not working falls short of social expectations. Pensions or increased leisure time cannot make up for the loss of social acceptance. Unemployed people are dissatisfied with their life not only because they have lower incomes, but also because they may get low and negative recognition from others.
    Indeed, retiring early from work can have side-effects. Another paper, co-authored by Andreas Kuhn of the University of Zurich, investigates the effect of a change in Austrian employment-insurance rules that allow blue-collar workers earlier retirement in some regions than others. Men retiring a year early lower their chance of surviving to age 67 by 13% . Almost a third of this higher death rate seemed to be concentrated among those who were forced into early retirement by job loss. The death was caused by smoking and alcohol consumption. If you’re in a job, even when you are paid less, hang on in there.
One of the effects of lower pay than your peers’ is that______.
选项 A、it can motivate you to struggle for a similar salary
B、it can inspire you to argue with your manager
C、it may make you feel proud of your peers
D、it may force you to quit your current work
答案A
解析 事实细节题。本题考查薪水比同事低带来的影响。原文第一段末句提到，收入差距会促使你争取拿到类似薪水的机会。也就是说，它会激励你奋发得到类似的薪水，故答案为A)。B)“它会激励你和经理争论”，原文未提及，故排除；C)“它会使你为同事感到骄傲”是对第二段第五句“在德国西部，看到同事收入增长实际上使年轻人觉得更幸福”的曲解，原文说的是在德国西部的情况，C)属于扩大范围，故排除；D)“它会迫使你辞掉当前的工作”是对第一段第二句“较少的薪水会伤害到自尊心”的过度推断，故排除。
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