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U.S. Higher Education Lurking behind the gleaming promise of every wide-eyed freshman is a dark fact of U. S. higher educat

admin2012-11-22  80
问题                              U.S. Higher Education
     Lurking behind the gleaming promise of every wide-eyed freshman is a dark fact of U. S. higher education: Half of those who enroll at four-year colleges and universities will never graduate. That means about 600,000 students each year will not complete their bachelor’s degree, concludes a new U. S. Department of Education study. And it asks:"Is there too much emphasis on getting a four-year college degree?" It is almost a heretical question. A college degree has never been more coveted or sought after. A record 14.9 million students enrolled this year. More than 96 percent of high school seniors say college is important -- and two-thirds expect to earn a bachelor’s degree.
     It’s a significant change from the early 1980s, when just 52 percent of seniors expected to enroll in any college.  Now,  "College for all"  is the new mentality -- urged by parents,  guidance counselors, and political leaders of all stripes.  College has become a default decision.  Tons of unprepared high school graduates are shoveled into four-year colleges. But they just don’t know why they’re there.
     So something is not quite fight with this picture. The bachelor’s degree is being oversold to many high schoolers who do not truly want the experience or have only a slim chance of attaining a four-year degree. As a result, many students end up on campus without a clear sense of what they expect to gain from a college education. And that can affect everything from choosing the right school at the outset to picking a major or setting a career path or even dropping out, as growing numbers are doing.
     Perhaps as significant a factor in boosting the "college for all" view has been a shift in college counseling. In the 1960s, high school counselors viewed themselves as gatekeepers. Criticized for elitism, they changed. One study shows counselors recommending college to 66 percent of high school seniors in 1992, double the rate of a decade earlier.
     Higher education has been very accommodating of this shift. Open-admissions policies expanded to roughly three-quarters of all higher-education institutions, with remedial education available at the vast majority. About 40 percent of those chasing a four-year degree are only marginally academically qualified.
     Critics say the trend is a result of a "one-way-to-win" mentality. Too many families cling to the mythology that their child can be a success only if he or she has a college degree. And the assumption poorly serves candidates who might benefit from either delaying the experience, taking a few career-related courses, attending a vocational-training school, or learning about the myriad other ways to enter the work force.
According to the passage, one of the possible reasons that has boosted the "college for all" view is most likely
选项 A、the urge of parents, guidance counselors, and political leaders of all stripes
B、the fact that the bachelor’s degree is being oversold to many high schoolers
C、the mythology that the child can be a success only if with a college degree
D、the shift in college counseling from gatekeepers to high education boosters
答案D
解析 根据提问，应在相关的段落里找有关的信息。第四段里开头就说as significant a factor in boosting the“college for all”view has been a shift in college counseling．选项A指的是各种人都鼓励上大学的心态。选项B是进了大学后的事情。选项C是父母的一种梦想。这些也都可能促成中学生上大学读书的从众心理。但是文章明确说明造成这种人人上大学观点的一个重要因素，就是学校里对上大学进行的咨询教导方面上的改变。
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