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  3. Parents looking to steer their teens away from drugs may want to encourage them stay in bed longer. Lack of sleep seems to lead

Parents looking to steer their teens away from drugs may want to encourage them stay in bed longer. Lack of sleep seems to lead

admin2022-08-06  3
问题     Parents looking to steer their teens away from drugs may want to encourage them stay in bed longer. Lack of sleep seems to lead to increased drug use—not the other way around, as many researchers previously concluded—and this is likely to be a pattern of behaviour that teenagers acquire from their friends.
    Establishing whether one behaviour leads to another usually requires an experiment in which a particular variable is controled. But in the first analysis of its kind, Mednick and her team used changes in the friendship networks of 90,000 teens during the course of a school year as a "natural experiment" to discover what influences led them to use cannabis. They say their analysis showed not only that cannabis and poor sleep spread together, but also that lack of sleep was causing marijuana use.
    Having one friend who had less than 7 hours of shut-eye a night increased the likelihood that a teenager had also used marijuana by 20 per cent, the team found. Also, the more sleep-deprived friends the teenager had, the more likely it was that he or she smoked dope. The team also found that the most popular teenagers were the ones most likely to sleep poorly, do drugs and pass these behaviours on.
    To reduce the possibility that a shared environmental factor may explain these connections, Med-nick’s team took into account differences between teenagers, including race, sex, parents’ income and education. Another complication is that teenagers tend to pick friends based on a mutual interest, be it football or French or recreational drug use.
    But Mednick says that the pattern of changes in the social networks show the teens are not simply picking like-minded friends, but that friends are driving each other’s behaviour. Mutual friends had more influence on the sleep habits and drug use of one another than pairs where only one person named the other as a friend. Teens whose friendship was not mutually felt by a classmate they named had little or no effect on that friend’s behaviour.
    Susan Tapert, a psychologist also at UC San Diego who was not involved in the study, agrees that poor sleep may lead to drug use, but also says the two behaviours probably reinforce one another. Mednick hopes to use a similar approach to find out if sleeping badly is related to gambling and other impulsive acts. Team member James Fowler sees social networks as a useful tool for teasing out cause and effect. He and Mednick write: "People are connected, and so their health behaviours are connected."
According to Mednick’s research, drug use
选项 A、is a controled factor.
B、influences friendship.
C、goes with poor sleep.  
D、was caused by sleep.
答案C
解析 根据题干Mednick定位至文中第二段，该段结尾处说到大麻和睡眠不足同时传播(spread together)，由此可判断C项正确。该段第一句说，实验通常会对某个特定的变量进行控制，但文中没有提到毒品吸食是被控制了的因素，所以A项错误；研究发现毒品吸食能通过交友网络传播，但没有提到会不会影响友谊，B项错误；睡眠不足而非睡眠本身，会导致吸食毒品，由此可排除D项。
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