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  3. Most episodes of absent-mindedness--forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room--are caused by

Most episodes of absent-mindedness--forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room--are caused by

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问题    Most episodes of absent-mindedness--forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room--are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. "You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded it deeply.’
   Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ 11 probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe. "Your memory itself isn’t failing you,’ says Schacter, "Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed, ’
   Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. "A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago," says Zelinski, "may not remember to drop a letter in the mail- box." Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.
   Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. "But be sure the cue is clear and available," he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table--don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
   Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. "Everyone does this from time to time," says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.
What do we learn from the last paragraph?
选项 A、If we focus our attention on one thing, we might forget another.
B、Memory depends to a certain extent on the environment.
C、Repetition helps improve our memory.
D、If we keep forgetting things, we’d better return to where we were.
答案A
解析 根据文章最后一段第二句“Most likely，you were thinking about something else．”，我们可知一心不可二用，由此可以断定[A]正确。纵观全文，我们不难看出，“Memory depends to a certain ex tent on the environment”是第四段所讲述的内容。可见，[B]错误。本文并未重点涉及改善记忆的方法，更未谈到“重复法”(repetition)对改善记忆的重要性。可见[C]错误。纵观全文，我们就可看出，整篇文章讲述的是人们健忘的原因，并没有强调指出纠正或治疗健忘症的方法。可见 [D]错误。
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