2. 外语
  3. In the 400s BC, the Sophists, a group of wandering teachers, began to teach in Athens. The Sophists claimed that they could teac

In the 400s BC, the Sophists, a group of wandering teachers, began to teach in Athens. The Sophists claimed that they could teac

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问题     In the 400s BC, the Sophists, a group of wandering teachers, began to teach in Athens. The Sophists claimed that they could teach any subject or skill to anyone who wished to learn it. They specialized in teaching grammar, logic, and rhetoric, subjects that eventually formed the core of the liberal arts. The Sophists were more interested in preparing their students to argue persuasively and win arguments than in teaching principles of truth and morality.
    Unlike the Sophists, the Greek philosopher Socrates sought to discover and teach universal principles of truth, beauty, and goodness. Socrates, who died in 399 BC, claimed that true knowledge existed within everyone and needed to be brought to consciousness. His educational method, called the Socratic method, consisted of asking probing questions that forced his students to think deeply about the meaning of life, truth, and justice.
    In 387 BC Plato, who had studied under Socrates, established a school in Athens called the Academy. Plato believed in an unchanging world of perfect ideas or universal concepts. He asserted that since true knowledge is the same in every place at every time, education, like truth, should be unchanging. Plato described his educational ideal in The Republic, one of the most notable works of Western philosophy. Plato’ s Republic describes a model society, or republic, ruled by highly intelligent philosopher-kings. Warriors make up the republic’ s second class of people. The lowest class, the workers, provide food and other products for all the people of the republic. In Plato’ s ideal educational system, each class would receive a different kind of instruction to prepare for their various roles in society.
    In 335 BC Plato’ s student, Aristotle, founded his own school in Athens called the Lyceum. Believing that human beings are essentially rational, Aristotle thought people could discover natural laws that governed the universe and then follow these laws in their lives. He also concluded that educated people who used reason to make decisions would lead a life of moderation in which they avoided dangerous extremes.
    In the 4 th century BC Greek orator Isocrates developed a method of education designed to prepare students to be competent orators who could serve as government officials. Isocrates’ s students studied rhetoric, politics, ethics, and history. They examined model orations and practiced public speaking. Isocrates’ s methods of education directly influenced such Roman educational theorists as Cicero and Quintilian.
Which of the following is true of the Sophists?
选项 A、Their teaching turned out to be persuasive.
B、Their schools were located mostly in Athens.
C、They undermined the morality of the society of their time.
D、They exerted considerable influence over later generations.
答案D
解析 该题为细节题。根据第一段第三句“They specialized inteaching grammar，logic，and rhetoric，subjects that eventuallyformed the core the of liberal arts．”可知，诡辩家教授的课程后来形成了文科课程的核心，选项D“他们对后世产生了可观的影响”，与原文意思相符，为正确选项。选项A称“他们的教学方式是劝导性的”，后面提到诡辩家们对于帮助学生准备有力的辩论，并赢得辩论更感兴趣，而不是教授真理和道德原则，A选项与原文意思相悖；选项B称“他们的学校大多位于雅典”，原文只是说他们开始是在雅典教学，并未提到他们的学校大多位于雅典；选项C称“他们破坏了当时社会的道德”，原文并未提到这一点，故选D。
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