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  3. The record of the past half century has established, I think, the two general principles about human disease. First, it is neces

The record of the past half century has established, I think, the two general principles about human disease. First, it is neces

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问题     The record of the past half century has established, I think, the two general principles about human disease. First, it is necessary to know a great deal about underlying mechanisms before one can really act effectively; one had to know that the pneumococcus (肺炎球菌) causes lobar pneumonia (球形肺炎) before one could begin thinking about antibiotics.
    Second, for every disease there is a single key mechanism that dominates all the others. If one can find it, and think one’s way around it, one can control the disorder. This generalization is harder to prove and arguable—it is more like a strong hunch (直觉) than a scientific assertion— but I believe that the record thus far tends to support it. The most complicated, multicell, multi-tissue, and multiorgan diseases I know are tertiary syphilis, chronic tuberculosis, and pernicious anemia. In each, there are at least five major organs and tissues involved, and each appears to be affected by a variety of environmental influences. Before they came under scientific appraisal, each was what we now call a "multifactorial disease. " And yet, When all the necessary facts were in it was clear that by simply switching off one thing—the spirochete, the tubercle bacillus, or a single vitamin deficiency—the whole array of disordered and seemingly unrelated pathological mechanisms could be switched off, at once.
Which of the following diseases is caused by a vitamin deficiency?
选项 A、Lobar pneumonia.
B、Tertiary syphilis.
C、Chronic tuberculosis.
D、Pernicious anemia.
答案D
解析 由文中第一段最后一句可知，引起球形肺炎的是肺炎球菌，所以选项A显然不妥，可排除。选项B、C、D是第二段第四句中提到的三种最复杂的疾病，而排列在第二段最后一句中破折号内的三个并列的名词短语是三种疾病的主要病理机制。根据英文的一般写作常识，这三种疾病与其病理机制的排列先后顺序应该相同，否则就会引起误解。由此我们可以根据排列顺序的对应关系判断出“pernicious anemia”是由“vitamin deficiency”引起的。所以选项D正确。
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