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  3. Materials scientists have created a small, wearable sensor that can read the molecular composition of sweat and send its results

Materials scientists have created a small, wearable sensor that can read the molecular composition of sweat and send its results

admin2019-08-08  54
问题    Materials scientists have created a small, wearable sensor that can read the molecular composition of sweat and send its results in real time to a smartphone. 【F1】The flexible plastic patches—which can be incorporated into wristbands and headbands—may be able to provide early warning of changes in the body, say their creators.
   【F2】"The idea is to have this thumbs-up or thumbs-down device that will give real-time information: it could provide an alarm that you need to take some medication, or that you’re getting dewatered and need to drink some water," says Ali Javey, at the University of California, Berkeley, who helped to develop the sensors. He and his colleagues report their work in Nature.
   Several labs have been developing sensors for sweat, which contains a multitude of electrolytes and metabolites—the final products of the body’s biological processes (for example, the lactic acid that builds up after exercise). But these sensors have tended to measure only one component of sweat at a time, and generally cannot transmit their measurements in real-time. 【F3】When the sensors come into contact with sweat they generate electrical signals that are amplified and filtered, and then recorded using skin temperature. This step is essential, says Javey. "Electrochemical sensors are very sensitive to temperature, and skin temperature can vary quite a bit when we are sweating." The data are then wirelessly transmitted to a smartphone.
   It’s an impressive achievement, says Jason Heikenfeld at the University of Cincinnati in Ohio, whose lab has also been developing wearable sweat sensors. "The sensors typically require electronics that are normally the size of a shoebox; they miniaturized them into something that can wrap around your wrist," he says. 【F4】The sensors have to be fabricated from basic chemicals in the laboratory, and cannot be purchased off the shelf like sensors found in today’s wearables, which measure heart rate and detect the body’s motion.
   Sweat sensors will never be as accurate as blood tests, which are the "gold standard", says Javey. 【F5】Our bodies closely control the molecular composition of our blood, but the content of our sweat is more variable and is sometimes influenced by germs on our skin—so the medical relevance of the information that sweat provides will need to be rigorously tested. However, sweat does have an advantage: taking blood samples with a needle is not a practical means of assessing health on a minute-by-minute basis.
【F3】
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答案这些传感器接触到汗液时，它们会产生增大的和过滤处理过的电子信号，然后这些信号会通过体表温度记录下来。
解析 ①本句为主从复合句，包含时间状语从句和定语从句。②When引导时间状语从句说明何时传感器会产生电子信号。③主句包含了that引导的定语从句，修饰signals。从句包含了三个并列的谓语动词amplified、filtered和recorded。recorded后跟的现在分词短语using skin temperature作状语，表方式。
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