A、The group placed in blue light. B、The group drinking the most water. C、The group placed in red light. D、The group eating the l

Good morning, everyone. Today, I’d like to talk about the relationship between colors and depression. Some colors that people see late at night could cause signs of the condition mental health experts call clinical depression. That was the finding of a study that builds on earlier study findings. They showed that individuals who live or work in low levels of light overnight can develop clinical depression.
    Doctors use the words clinical depression to describe severe form of depression. Signs may include loss of interest or pleasure in most activities, low energy levels and thoughts of death or suicide.
    In the new study, American investigators designed an experiment that exposed hamsters to different colors. The researchers chose hamsters because they are nocturnal, which means they sleep during the day and are active at night.
    The animals were separated into 4 groups. One group of hamsters was kept in the dark during their nighttime period. Another group was placed in front of a blue light, a third group slept in front of a white light. While a fourth was put in front of a red light.
    After four weeks, the researchers noted how much sugary water the hamsters drank. They found that the more depressed animals drank the least amount of water.
    Randy Nelson heads the Department of Neuroscience at Ohio State University. He says animals that slept in blue and white light appeared to be the most depressed.
    Randy Nelson notes that photosensitive cells in the retina, have little to do with eyesight.
    He says these cells send signals to the area of the brain that controls what has been called the natural sleep-wake cycle. He says there’s a lot of blue in white light. This explains why the blue light and white light hamsters appear to be more depressed than the hamsters seeing red light or darkness.
    Mr. Nelson has suggestions for people who work late at night, or those who like to stay up late.
    " My recommendation is if you are just living a typical mostly active life during the day, mostly inactive at night, you want to limit the exposure to TVs which are quite bluish in the light they give off and computer screens and things like that. You can get filtered glasses; you can get filters on your computer screen or your eReaders to put it more in the reddish light. "
    So if you don’t want to get depressed, you’d better follow Mr. Nelson’s advice and keep away from the blue and white light.
    Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
    19. Who are likely to develop clinical depression?
    20. What is one of the signs of clinical depression?
    21. Which group of hamsters appeared to be the most depressed?
    22. What is Mr. Nelson’s advice for people who like to stay up late?