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  3. In the 1920s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conver

In the 1920s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conver

admin2012-01-05  84
问题    In the 1920s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, they are nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.
   A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AL movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field.
   Imitating the brain’s neural network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conrad, but it still missed an important aspect of natural intelligence. "People tend to treat brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors. " He explains, "But it’s not simply a clever network of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves." Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brains’ capabilities stem from the pattern-recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build an artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build around the same sort of molecular skills.
   Right now, the notion that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in the brain remains controversial. But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow AI rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.
The new trend in AI research stems from ______.
选项 A、the shift of focus of study onto the recognition of the shapes of objects
B、the belief that human intelligence cannot be duplicated with logical, step-by-step programs
C、the aspirations of scientists to duplicate the intelligence of a ten-month-old child
D、the efforts made by scientists in the study of the similarities between transistors and brain cells
答案B
解析 第二段谈到AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong“一些人工智能研究人员认为他们已经知道问题出在什么地方”，随后，进一步阐述了这些研究人员的见解——the problem is AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought andto duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs“问题的症结在于人工智能一直试图分离最为高级和最为抽象的思维，并将它们用一种逻辑的程式复制出来”，因此无法获得成功；而人工智能研究的一项新举动则正是认识到这一问题后，转而从自然角度对其进行研究，选项B符合文意。
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