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  3. Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors— habits — among consumers. These habi

Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors— habits — among consumers. These habi

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问题     Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors— habits — among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.
    "There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits," said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. "We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically."
    The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to—Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever— had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.
    If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day—chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins — are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.
    A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.
    "Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns," said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. "Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable."
    Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.
The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is______.
选项 A、indifferent
B、negative
C、positive
D、biased
答案B
解析 本题提问作者对广告对人们习惯影响的态度，根据态度题解题的基本原则“听其言，观其行”，我们需要在文中找到作者对广告影响力的评论。该评论出现在文章最后一句话：As this new science of habit has emerged。controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods．本句中the tactics“这种策略”指代上句的“连续不断的广告提醒着人们，从而养成某种行为习惯”，接着指出了这种策略已经被用来卖出问题产品，由此看来作者对广告的这种影响持否定态度，因此本题答案为B。
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