首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Computer Crime A computer crime is generally defined as one that involves the use of computers and software for illegal purp
Computer Crime A computer crime is generally defined as one that involves the use of computers and software for illegal purp
admin
2011-01-01
65
问题
Computer Crime
A computer crime is generally defined as one that involves the use of computers and software for illegal purposes. This doesn’t mean that all the crimes are new types of crime. On the contrary, many of these crimes, such as embezzlement (盗用)of funds, the alteration of records, theft, vandalism (破坏行为), sabotage (阴谋破坏), and terrorism, can be committed without a computer. But with a computer, these offenses can be carried out more quickly and with less chance that the person responsible for the crime will be discovered.
Computer crimes are on the rise and have been for the last twelve years. The British Crime Survey in 2002 and 2003 showed that 18% of households with internet access said their home computer had been affected by a virus. This had increased to 27% in 2003 and 2004. One-third said the virus had damaged their computer. The biennial Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) Security Breaches survey reports that 62% of UK businesses had a computer security incident in the 2006. These statistics may underestimate the real situation as many organizations or individuals may be unaware that the security of their computer has been compromised. Just how much these computer crimes cost the American public is in dispute, but estimates range from $3 billion to $5 billion annually. Even the FBI, which attempts to keep track of the growth or decline of all kinds of crimes, is unable to say precisely how large a loss is involved; however, it estimates that the average take from a company hit by computer crime is $ 600,000. A number of reasons are given for the increase in computer crime: (A) more computers in use and, thus, more people who are familiar with basic computer operation; (B) more computers tied together in satellite and other data-transmission networks; and (C) the easy access of microcomputers to huge mainframe data bases.
The criminal
Movies and newspaper stories might lead us to believe that most computer crimes are committed by teenage "hackers"—brilliant and basically good children who let their imagination and technical genius get them into trouble. But a realistic look at the crimes reveals that the offender is likely to be an employee of the firm against which the crime has been committed, i. e., an "insider".
Targets of computer crime
Some attacks do not have a specific target. However, attacks against specific computers or groups of computers are becoming more common. Home computer users, organizations with large networks of computers, or entire infrastructures may be targeted. Attackers using computers may also attempt to damage the functioning of the Critical National Infrastructure (CNI) which includes emergency services, telecommunications, energy distribution and finance, all of which rely on IT. Many CNI systems which were once isolated are now connected to the internet, increasing their vulnerability.
There has been speculation over the prospect of terrorists using electronic attacks to target computer systems and networks. According to the National Infrastructure Security Coordination Centre (NISCC) , the probability of terrorists carrying out an electronic attack against the CNI is currently low compared with other risks such as using explosive devices.
Difficulty of detection and prevention
Given the kind of person who commits a computer crime and the environment in which the crime occurs, it is often difficult to detect who the criminal is.
First of all, the crime may be so complex that months or years go by before anyone discovers it.
Second, once the crime has been revealed, it is not easy to find a clear trail of evidence that leads back to the guilty party. After all, looking for "weapons" or fingerprints does not occur as it might in the investigation of more conventional crimes.
Third, there are usually no witnesses to the computer crime, even though it may be taking place in a room filled with people. Who is to say if the person at the next terminal, calmly keying in data, is doing the company’s work or committing a criminal act?
Fourth, not enough people in management and law enforcement know enough about computer technology to prevent the crimes. Authorities have to be familiar with the computer’s capabilities within a given situation to guard against its misuses. In some large cities, such as Los Angeles, police departments have set up specially trained computer crime units.
But even when an offender is caught, the investigators, attorneys, judges, or juries may find the alleged crime too complicated and perplexing to handle. More attorneys are specializing in computer law and studying the computer’s potential for misuse.
After a computer crime has been discovered, many companies do not report it or prosecute the person responsible. A company may not announce the crime out of fear that the public will find out the weaknesses of its computer system and lose confidence in its organization. Banks, credit card companies, and investment firms are especially sensitive about revealing their vulnerabilities because they rely heavily on customer trust.
To avoid public attention, cautious companies will often settle cases of computer tampering out of court. And if cases do go to trial and the offenders are convicted, they may be punished only by a fine or light sentence because the judge or jury isn’t fully trained to understand the nature and seriousness of the crime.
Not all companies are timid in apprehending computer criminals. For example, Connecticut General Life Insurance Company decided it had to get tough on violators. So when the company discovered that one of its computer technicians had embezzled $200,000 by entering false benefit claims, it presented its findings to the state’s attorney and aided in the prosecution of the technician. The technician was found guilty and sentenced to prison, not just for the computer misuse, but also for grand theft and insurance fraud. Connecticut General now has a policy of reporting all incidents of theft or fraud, no matter how small.
Criminals have adapted the advancements of computer technology to further their own illegal activities. Unfortunately, their actions have far out-paced the ability of police to respond effectively. Protocols must be developed for law enforcement that addresses the various categories of computer crime. Investigators must know the materials to search and seize, the electronic evidence to recover, and the chain of custody to maintain. Without question, law enforcement must be better prepared to deal with the many aspects of computer-related crimes and the techno-criminals who commit them.
But even when a computer criminal is caught, people involved in the case may find the alleged crime ______.
选项
答案
too complicated and perplexing to handle
解析
根据题干关键词computer criminal,caught,case,alleged crime定位到原文Difficulty of detection and prevention下第六段第一句:But even when an offender is canght, the investigators, may find the alleged crime too complicated and perplexing to handle. 该句指出:即使嫌疑人破抓,调查者、律师、法官或者陪审团可能发现被指控的罪行太复杂不好处理。所以too complicated and perplexing to handle是正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/Uyy7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
A、Graduationdate.B、Vacationplans.C、Schoolcourses.D、Jobhunting.B题目问他们在谈论什么。男士说想在暑假找一份兼职赚点钱,问女士的打算。女士说准备暑假再修几门课程以便明年可以毕业,可
Eachcollegeevaluatesapplicantsdifferently.Itisimportanttobeawareofthesedifferencesandtocreateastrategythatis
Asubjectwhichseemstohavebeeninsufficientlystudiedbydoctors.tomandpsychologistsistheinfluenceofgeographyandcl
Theuseofnuclearpowerhasalreadyspreadallovertheworld.【C1】______,scientistsstillhavenotagreed【C2】______Whatshould
Whenyoungpeoplegettheirrealjobs,theymayfacealotofnew,【B1】______situations.Theymayfindthateverythingisdiffere
A、didn’tyieldtochildrencrossingtheroad.B、Sheparkedillegallyneartheschool.C、Sheexceededthespeedlimit.D、Sheisd
WhyWeAreTouchedByTheSoundofMusicFromsimplefolksongstothecomplexsoundofasymphonyorchestra,musichasbeen
Departmentstoresarelargeretailstoressellingmanydifferentkindsofmerchandisearrangedin【B1】______departments.Suchsto
Itiswell-knownthatthelocaleconomyshouldnotbedeveloped____________(牺牲环境为代价).
Avarietyofsocialproblemsarecloselylinkedtopoverty.Itiswell【C1】______thatchildrenwhogrowupinpovertyaremoreli
随机试题
从4名男生3名女生中选择4人参加老吕暑假集训营,若这4个人中既有男生又有女生,则不同的选法有()种。
固定义齿设计活动连接体主要的目的在于减少活动连接端基牙的
患者,女,40岁。带下量多、色黄或白、质黏稠、有臭气,小腹作痛,或阴痒,便秘溺赤,舌红苔黄厚腻,脉滑数。治疗应首选()
建筑基坑采用高压喷射注浆帷幕,对于黏性土基坑,当标准贯入锤击数N大于()时,最好采用复喷工艺。
[背景资料]某高校新建一栋办公楼和一栋实验楼,均为现浇钢筋混凝土框架结构。办公楼地下1层、地上11层,建筑檐高48m;实验楼6层,建筑檐高22m。建设单位与某施工总承包单位签订了施工总承包合同。合同约定:(1)电梯安装工程由建设单位指定分包;(2)保温工
在6月份的三项固定资产中,甲当月增加折旧费5000元;乙的折旧费为10000元;丙当月减少折旧费8000元,则当月应当计提折旧费()元。
下列有关自定义报表的叙述中错误的是()。
纳税人经营旅游业务,营业额为向旅游者收取的全部收费减去替旅游者支付的餐费和住宿费。()
经济法的渊源主要表现在各国家机关根据其权限范围所制定的各种规范性文件之中,其中行政法规的制定单位是()。
甲公司在2010年1月1日平价发行甲债券,每张面值1000元,票面利率10%,5年到期,每年6月30日和12月31日付息。乙公司在2010年1月1日发行乙债券,每张面值1000元,票面利率8%,5年到期,每年6月30日和12月31日付息。(计算过程中至
最新回复
(
0
)