2. 考研
  3. In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons; to extend the family line or the family name,

In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons; to extend the family line or the family name,

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问题 In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons; to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places.
In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the wife, to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children(or males)is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.
Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of the family itself. To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family they need children to enrich the circle, to validate its family character, to gather the redemptive influence of offspring.
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答案 在某些社会中，人们希望拥有孩子是出于所谓的家庭原因：传宗接代，光宗耀祖，博取祖辈的欢心，并维系礼仪。此类理由在现代世俗化的社会中似显苍白，但它们在其他地方曾一度并确实仍是强有力的理由。 此外，有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共通之处，这便是：生儿育女是为着维系或改善婚姻——能拴住丈夫或者使妻子不至于无所事事；修复婚姻或为婚姻注入新的活力；多子多孙，以为家庭幸福惟系于此。这一点更可能因为其相反情形而得以凸显：在某些社会中，无法生儿育女(或无法生育男孩)对婚姻可能构成一种威胁，并且可能是离婚的一个顺理成章的理由。 除了所有这一切以外，还有一个原因，那就是后代对于家庭这一社会机构本身所具有的深远意义。对许多人来说，夫妇两人尚不足以构成一个真正意义上的家庭——他们需要孩子来丰富其二人小天地，赋予该小天地真正意义上的家庭性质，并从子孙后代身上获取某种回报。
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