2. 外语
  3. People throughout the history have sought ways to alter consciousnesa A 【C1】_____ example is the sweat lodge ritual of the Sioux

People throughout the history have sought ways to alter consciousnesa A 【C1】_____ example is the sweat lodge ritual of the Sioux

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问题     People throughout the history have sought ways to alter consciousnesa A 【C1】_____ example is the sweat lodge ritual of the Sioux Indians. During the ritual, several men sit in total darkness 【C2】_____ a small chamber heated by a bed of coals. Cedar smoke, 【C3】_____ of steam, and the smell of unique flowers fill the air. The men sing rhythmically. The heat 【C4】 At last, they can 【C5】_____ it no more. The door is thrown open. Cooling night 【C6】_____ rush in. And then, the 【C7】_____ begins again—often to be repeated four or five times more. Among the Sioux, the ritual is viewed as a 【C8】_____ of mind and body. When the experience becomes especially intense, it brings altered awareness and personal 【C9】_____. Some altered states of consciousness are sought 【C10】_____ for pleasure,as is often true of drug intoxication. Yet, as the Sioux example illustrates, many cultures regard changes in consciousness as a pathway to enlightenment. Almost every 【C11】_____ religion has accepted 【C12】_____ some altered states as a source of mystical experience. Accepted avenues have 【C13】_____ from meditation, prayer, isolation, and chanting, to self-inflicted pain and mind altering substances.
    In many cultures, the special powers 【C14】_____ medicine men or healers are believed to come from ability to communicate with spirits. 【C15】_____, rituals that help form tribal bonds among community members are 【C16】_____ by altered states of consciousness.
    In short, all cultures recognize and 【C17】_____ some alteration of consciousness. 【C18】_____, the meaning given to various states vary greatly— 【C19】_____ signs of "madness" and "possession" by spirits, to life enhancing breakthroughs. Thus, cultural conditioning greatly 【C20】_____ what altered states a person recognizes, seeks, considers normal and attains.
【C11】
选项 A、advanced
B、native
C、brutal
D、known
答案D
解析 考查语篇逻辑和常识。根据上下文和常识，这里要论述的是“人们已知的宗教”，故D为正确答案。advanced“先进的”；native“当地的，本土的”；brutal“残忍的，野蛮的”，文章中并未提及是哪种性质的宗教，故排除。
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