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  3. The only popular thought about beauty today, the one that has the widest currency in the world, is the idea that beauty lies in

The only popular thought about beauty today, the one that has the widest currency in the world, is the idea that beauty lies in

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问题     The only popular thought about beauty today, the one that has the widest currency in the world, is the idea that beauty lies in the eye of the beholder. It seeks to make peace between people who have
    very different tastes.【B11】_____________________Yet the success of this generous approach keeps attention away from deeper, more important aspects.
    In 1795, the German dramatist and poet Friedrich Schiller published a book On the Aesthetic Education of Man in a Series of Letters. It contains some of the most useful insights into the nature and value of beauty. Schiller’s starting point is an analysis of the human condition. He wants to understand our delight in what we find beautiful. Instead of asking which things are beautiful, Schiller is curious about what is going on in us when we respond with this distinctive, intimate thrill and enthusiasm that leads us to say "that’s beautiful".
    Schiller thinks of human nature as an arena in which two powerful psychological drives are at work. On the one hand, there is the "sense" drive which lives in the moment and seeks immediate gratification.【B12】_______________Schiller associated the sense drive with his friend Johann Wolfgang von Goethe who longed to see things with his own eyes.
    The second drive identified by Schiller was the "form" drive: the inner demand for coherence over
    time, for abstract understanding and rational order.【B13】__________________When we think that a person is entitled to a fair trial, we are motivated, Schiller says, by the rational "form" drive. We are loyal to the abstract, general ideal of due process.
    What he’s calling the sense drive and the form drive are powerful impulses in us. But they are often in conflict.【B14】_______________
    Schiller’s point is that human nature is fired by two divergent kinds of longing: we can’t hope to see why beauty matters to us unless we pay attention to them both.
    It might look as though Schiller is trying to resuscitate an old religious theme, the struggle between the flesh and the spirit. But there is a crucial difference. Thinkers ranging from St Paul to Immanuel Kant have all believed that one of these aspects of our nature—which they usually call the spiritual or rational—should triumph. But Schiller does not believe that one side is more important than the other. Rather, the two sides are in need of each other.【B15】____________
    [A]   It craves contact and possession and can be coarse, as when one yearns to swig great draughts of beer; but it can also be elevated.
    [B]   The demands of the short term are at odds with the hopes of the longer view; comfort and ease struggle against a sense of duty and responsibility; and the allure of freedom clashes with the longing to be steadfast and rooted in existing commitments.
    [C]  People are delighted by wildly variant things and that’s how it should be, the thinking goes—so don’t get worked up trying to figure out which things are beautiful.
    [D]   If the sense drive dominates, we become brutish and superficial. If the form drive is too dominant, we become dry and callous. We need the two to interact harmoniously in order to see the role that beauty can play in our lives.
    [E]   At the same time, the form drive is also at work in artistic creations, for example, the statue of Apollo. We respond to the artistic structure to it, its proportion and unity.
    [F]  This drive, thought Schiller, seeks to leave behind the peculiarities of one’s own experience and dis-cover universal principles. It is at the heart of justice—which is not about getting what you want for yourself—and is animated by principle.
    [G]  However, both drives do not work against one another. Instead, they co-operate, and Schiller’s point is that to experience artwork in a dual way with the two drives at work is to find it beautiful.
【B12】
选项
答案A
解析 第三段开头指出席勒认为在人的本性之中，有两大驱动力。接着，空格前一句指出其中一种是“感觉”驱动力，这种驱动力享受当下(lives in the moment)、追求即时的快感。空格后说到席勒把感觉驱动力和歌德联系起来，因为歌德总是渴望亲身体验事物(see things with his own eyes)。空格前和空格后谈论的话题都是感觉驱动力，由于讨论的主要对象不变，空格处应该还是与感觉驱动力有关的内容。A中说到的“渴望接触(craves contact)和拥有(possession)”属于物质、肉欲方面的特征，与空格前后对感觉驱动力的描述相符。此外，A中还提到“既可以很粗俗(coarse)，也可以很高雅(elevated)”的特点，何谓“粗俗”，即如一个人想大口喝啤酒一样，至于何谓“高尚”，则在空格后说的歌德的例子中得到体现。可见，A与上下文的语境相符，语义紧密衔接，故为本题答案。
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