首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
How do we measure the economic return to higher education? Typically it is calculated as the difference between average wages of
How do we measure the economic return to higher education? Typically it is calculated as the difference between average wages of
admin
2009-06-24
59
问题
How do we measure the economic return to higher education? Typically it is calculated as the difference between average wages of college graduates and those who have not graduated from college. In 1997, for example, college graduates earned an average of $40,508 versus just $23,970 for non-college graduates. Based on these income levels, the economic return to a college education is approximately 69 percent, the difference between the two income levels. But this simple calculation ignores the fact that college graduates tend to come from higher socioeconomic levels, are more highly motivated, and probably have higher IQs than non graduations. Although these factors influence incomes, they are not the result of college attendance. Therefore the result of the study is an overstatement of the returns to higher education.
More sophisticated analyses adjust for these extraneous influences. For instance economists Orley Ashenfelter and Alan Krueger, estimate that each year of post-high school education results in a wage premium of between 15 and 16 percent. Their study is particularly relevant because they examined the earnings differences for identical twins with different education levels, allowing them to control for genetic and socioeconomic factors. Other research puts the wage premium for college graduates at nearly 50 percent.
Unfortunately, you can’t spend a college wage premium. Income levels for the average college graduate have stagnated. After adjusting for inflation, the average income of college graduates holding full-time jobs rose by only 4.4 percent between 1979 and 1997, or at a minuscule annual rate of 0.2 percent. At the same time, workers with only high-school degrees saw their real income plummet by 15 percent. Bottom line: the much-ballyhooed college wage "premium" is due primarily to the fall in inflation-adjusted salaries of workers who haven’t been to college.
In fact, if you don’t go on to graduate school or are not among the top graduates at one of the nation’s elite colleges, chances are your sky-high tuition is buying you no economic advantage whatsoever. In recent decades the flood of graduates has been so great that an increasing proportion have found themselves, within a few years, working as sales clerks, cab drivers, and in other jobs that do not, require a college degree.
In 1995, approximately 40 percent of people with some college education—and 10 percent of those with a college degree—worked at jobs requiring only high-school skills. That’s up from 30 percent and 6 percent, respectively, in 1971.
选项
A、it doesn’t take into account the changing economic situations
B、it involves small samples
C、it failed to incorporate some aspects which themselves might have added to the earnings of college graduates
D、it does not specify whether non-college graduates have high-school degrees
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/LSTd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语五级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语五级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
HomeSchoolingAllchildrenintheUnitedStateshavetoreceiveaneducation,butthelawdoesnotsaytheyhavetobeeduc
TheySayIreland’stheBestIrelandisthebestplaceintheworldtoliveinfor2005,accordingtoalifequalityranking
SuccessfulLanguageLearners1.Somepeopleseemtohaveaknackforlearninglanguages.Theycanpickupnewvocabulary,mast
Thetiesymbolizesallofthefollowingexcept______.WhichofthefollowingisNOTasocialoccasion?
IntheChinesehousehold,grandparentsandotherrelativesplaynecessaryrolesinraisingchildren.
YoungpeopleandtheirparentsItisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheir,parentsattimesandtoblamethemformo
______islocatedinmetropolitanMelbourne?______mentionsitsserviceofmedicalcare?
Nearlythreeyearsago,ItestedpositiveforHIV.SincethenIhavediscoveredasupportsystemthatsteadfastlyrefusestoenc
随机试题
脂溶性维生素不在体内储存,多余部分则由尿液排出。()
吸收混合气中苯,已知y1=0.04,吸收率是80%,则Y1、Y2是()。
患者,女性,28岁,近半年来全身乏力,低热,关节疼痛。免疫学检查:抗Sm抗体阳性,应考虑是
首先考虑的诊断是首选的检查是
层流洁净病房属于()类环境,要求空气中的细菌总数≤()cfu/m3。
电阻抗型血液分析仪脉冲数,与细胞的
甲通过签订合同授权乙代理其进行证券投资,后乙将代理权转交与丙,由丙接替乙为甲进行投资,在乙还未将此事相岩于甲之前,乙出车祸死亡。而丙并不知道乙还未将此事告知甲,仍继续代理甲投资,而给甲造成了一定的损失。
根据企业所得税法律制度的规定,下列各项中,应以同类固定资产的重置完全价值为计税基础的是()。
在江南园林中尤以()为代表。
Mostyoungpeopleenjoysomeformofphysicalactivity.Itmaybewalking,cycling,orswimming,orinwinter,skatingorskiing
最新回复
(
0
)