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  3. Perhaps you’ve temporarily misplaced your cellphone and anxiously retraced your steps to try to find it. Or perhaps you never le

Perhaps you’ve temporarily misplaced your cellphone and anxiously retraced your steps to try to find it. Or perhaps you never le

admin2019-09-18  42
问题    Perhaps you’ve temporarily misplaced your cellphone and anxiously retraced your steps to try to find it. Or perhaps you never let go of your phone — it’s always in your hand, your pocket, or your bag, ready to be answered or consulted at a moment’s notice. When your battery life runs down at the end of the day, you feel that yours is running low as well. New research shows that there’s a psychological reason for such extreme phone dependence: According to the attachment theory, for some of us, our phone serves the same function as the teddy bear we clung to in childhood. According to this theory, our early life experiences, with parents responsible for our wellbeing, are at the root of our attachment to the adults with whom we form close relationships. Importantly, attachment in early life can extend to inanimate objects. Teddy bears, for example, serve as "transitional objects". The teddy bear, unlike the parent, is always there. We extend our dependence on parents to these toy animals, and use them to help us move to an independent sense of self. As suggested by scientists, a cellphone has the potential to be a "compensatory attachment" object. Although phones are often castigated for their addictive potential, scientists cite evidence that supports the idea that "healthy, normal adults also report significant emotional attachment to special objects".
   Indeed, cellphones have become a pervasive feature of our lives: The number of cellphone users exceeds the total population of the planet. The average amount of mobile or smartphone use in the U.S. is 3.3 hours per day. People also like to be near their phones. Many people report being distressed when they’re separated from their phones. Phones have distinct advantages. They can be kept by your side, and they provide a social connection to the people you care about. Even if you’re not talking to your friends, lover, or family, you can keep their photos close by, read their messages and follow them on social media. You can track them in real time, but also look back on memorable moments together. These channels help you "feel less alone".
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答案 或许你只是一时把手机放错了地方，便心急如焚地掉头寻找。或许你已机不离身，电话不是在手上，就是在口袋里或包里，以便随时查阅或回复。或许一天下来，手机电量不足，你自己也感到精疲力尽。新的研究表明，这种对手机的极度依赖可以用心理学来解释。依恋理论认为，对于某些人而言，手机的作用和儿时紧抱着的泰迪熊一样。根据这一理论，孩时我们的健康幸福都依赖父母，这是我们依恋与自己形成亲密关系的成年人的根本原因。重要的是，这种早年的依恋心理可以延伸到无生命的物体上。如泰迪熊就充当了依恋延伸的“过渡性物体”。与父母不同的是，泰迪熊总能在我们身边。我们把对父母的依赖延伸到这些玩具动物身上，利用它们帮助自己形成独立的自我意识。科学家们提出，手机可能会成为“依恋补偿品”。尽管手机常因可能让人上瘾而饱受诟病，但科学家们言之有据地指出： “健康、正常的成年人也会对特殊物体表现出强烈的情感依恋。” 事实上，手机在我们生活中已无处不在：手机用户数量超过了全球总人口。在美国，移动电话或智能手机的使用时间平均每天达3．3小时。人们喜欢手机不离左右。许多人说，自己一离开手机就感到不安。手机具有独特的优势，可以随身携带，为你和你所关心的人提供一种社会联结。即使没有与朋友、恋人或家人通话，也可以把他们的照片存放在身边，看看他们发的信息，在社交媒体上关注他们。你不仅可以实时掌握他们的动态，还可以回忆与他们在一起的难忘时刻。有了这些渠道，你就“不会感到那么孤单”。
解析    第一段可划分为两部分，首先描述手机依赖症的外部表现，使用第二人称(you，your，yours)娓娓道来，再现读者熟悉的场景，口吻亲切，拉近了与读者的心理距离。接下来基于情感依赖理论，分析手机依赖症的内部心理成因，指出手机与泰迪熊一样，可以起到情感依赖“补偿物”的作用。该部分换用第一人称(we，us，our)形成了内心的亲近感。两部分人称代词出现频率都很高，第一部分共使用11次第二人称代词，第二部分共计使用10次第一人称代词。
   第二段首先援引数据描述手机的普及性，然后点出人机无法分离的心理状态。接下来，重点分析手机的积极心理影响。本段第三人称代词(they，their)出现7次，主要用于远景式描述；第二人称代词(you，your)出现7次，主要用于分析内部心理影响。
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