2. 外语
  3. St. Paul didn’t like it.【R1】______Hesiod declared it "mischievous" and "hard to get rid of it", but Oscar Wilder said, "Gossip i

St. Paul didn’t like it.【R1】______Hesiod declared it "mischievous" and "hard to get rid of it", but Oscar Wilder said, "Gossip i

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问题     St. Paul didn’t like it.【R1】______Hesiod declared it "mischievous" and "hard to get rid of it", but Oscar Wilder said, "Gossip is charming."
    "History is merely gossip," he wrote in one of his famous plays. " But scandal is gossip made tedious by morality."
    In times past, under Jewish law, gossipmongers might be fined or flogged. The Puritans put them in stocks or ducking stools, but no punishment seemed to have the desired effect of preventing gossip, which has continued uninterrupted across the back fences of the centuries.
   【R2】______Psychologists, sociologists, philosophers, even evolutionary biologists are concluding that gossip may not be so bad after all.
    Gossip is " an intrinsically valuable activity," philosophy professor Aaron Ben-Ze’ev states in a book he has edited, entitled Good Gossip. For one thing, gossip helps us acquire information that we need to know that doesn’t come through ordinary channels, such as: "What was the real reason so-and-so was fired from the office?"【R3】______It is "a kind of sharing" that also "satisfies the tribal need — namely, the need to belong to and be accepted by a unique group." 【R4】______
    Another gossip groupie, Dr. Ronald De Sousa, a professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto, describes gossip basically as a form of indiscretion and a "saintly virtue", by which he means that the knowledge spread by gossip will usually end up being slightly beneficial. 【R5】______
    Still, everybody knows that gossip can have its ill effects, especially on the poor wretch being gossiped about. 【R6】______
    By the way, there is also an interesting strain of gossip called medical gossip, which in its best form, according to researchers Jerry M. Suls and Franklin Goodkin, can motivate people with symptoms of serious illness, but who are unaware of it, to seek medical help.
   【R7】______But remember, if(as often is the case among gossipers)you should suddenly become one of the gossipees instead, it is best to employ the foolproof defense recommended by Plato, who may have learned the lesson from Socrates, who as you know was the victim of gossip spread that he was corrupting the youth of Athens: When men speak ill of thee, so live that nobody will believe them. 【R8】______
    A. Moses warned his people against it.
    B. "It seems likely that a world in which all information were universally available would be preferable to a world where immense power resides in the control of secrets," he writes.
    C. Today, however, the much-maligned human foible is being looked at in a different light.
    D. And people should refrain from certain kinds of gossip that might be harmful, even though the ducking stool is long out of fashion.
    E. Gossip also is a form of social bonding, Dr. Ben-Ze’ev says.
    F. What’s more, the professor notes, "Gossip is enjoyable."
    G. Or, as Will Rogers said, "Live so that you wouldn’t be ashamed to sell the family parrot to the town gossip."
    H. So go ahead and gossip.
【R3】
选项
答案E
解析 本段讲述了哲学教授Aaron对“闲话”的看法：“闲话是一种‘本质上讲很有价值的活动’。”空格前句讲了第1个理由，空格后句说：“它是‘一种分享’，能够‘满足人类的部落需求，即属于或被某一个独特的集体接受的感觉需求’。”显然空格处需要另一个论据。E选项：“闲话就像‘一种社会纽带’。”是Aaron提出的与社会需求有关的第2个理由。
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