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  3. People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person

People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person

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问题     People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is【C1】________and another is competitive.
    Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and【C2】________certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two【C3】________schools of thought on the matter have【C4】________. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of【C5】________between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often【C6】________as "nature v. nurture".
    Those who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are【C7】________determined by biological and【C8】________factors. That our environment has【C9】________. if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory【C10】________that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely【C11】________by our instincts.
    Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or,【C12】________they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts【C13】________determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely【C14】________by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite【C15】________; they maintain that, like machines, humans【C16】________to environmental stimuli as the【C17】________of their behavior.
    The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some "nature" proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. Behaviorists,【C18】________, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental【C19】________that whites enjoy.
    Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the【C20】________to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes.
【C7】
选项 A、particularly
B、scarcely
C、largely
D、invariably
答案C
解析 下一段的首句提到，环境论者认为，环境比基于本能的生物因素所起的作用更为重要，这反过来说明，天性论者认为人的行为方式是由生物因素决定的。应填入一个表肯定意义的副词，故选C项largely“很大程度上”。A项particularly“特别地”。表示强调。而本句并没有强调的意思。B项scarcely“几乎不”。表示否定意义。代入句中则变成天性论者与环境论者的观点相近，不合理。D项invariably“总是，一定地”。过于绝对。
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