2. 外语
  3. 中国姓氏是血缘关系的符号，其历史可追溯到原始社会时期。在战国(the warring States)以前，只有皇室和贵族才有姓，战国以后，平民才有了姓氏。从此“百姓”(hundreds of surnames)成为普通民众的通称。中国姓氏的来源多种多样，有

中国姓氏是血缘关系的符号，其历史可追溯到原始社会时期。在战国(the warring States)以前，只有皇室和贵族才有姓，战国以后，平民才有了姓氏。从此“百姓”(hundreds of surnames)成为普通民众的通称。中国姓氏的来源多种多样，有

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问题     中国姓氏是血缘关系的符号，其历史可追溯到原始社会时期。在战国(the warring States)以前，只有皇室和贵族才有姓，战国以后，平民才有了姓氏。从此“百姓”(hundreds of surnames)成为普通民众的通称。中国姓氏的来源多种多样，有的来源于地名，有的来源于官职，有的来源于职业。中国姓氏无论是在古代还是现代，都具有积极的意义。在北宋初期，《百家姓》(Book of Family Names)就作为儿童的启蒙(enlightenment)读物；而在当代社会，中国姓氏代表着文化的传承。
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答案 Chinese surnames are the signs of kinships, the history of which can date back to the primitive society. Prior to the Warring States period, only royal families and nobles had surnames. The common people didn’t have surnames until the Warring States period. Since then, "baixing", meaning "hundreds of surnames", has become a general term which stands for the common people in Chinese language. The Chinese surnames are of various origins. Some derives from place names; some from official titles, and some from professions. Chinese surnames are of positive significance in both ancient and modern times. The Book of Family Names was used as a book of enlightenment for children during the early Northern Song Dynasty, while in contemporary society Chinese surnames are a representation of cultural inheritance.
解析 1．第一句后半句“其历史可追溯到原始社会时期”中的“其”指的是“中国姓氏”。因此后半句可用of which引导的定语从句表达，而不使用独立的句子，这样前后两个句子之间的结合更加紧密。
2．第二句话中的“‘百姓’成为普通民众的通称”译成英文时增补了in Chinese language，使译文更加易懂，并合乎英文表达的逻辑。
3．第四句话“中国姓氏无论是在古代还是现代……”中的“具有积极的意义”可用be of positive significance表达，比较贴近英文表达习惯，相当于be positively significant或have positive significance。
4．最后一句“中国姓氏代表着文化的传承”中“代表”译为be a representation of比译成stand for这个动词短语更能表达出静态的意味，而且避免跟之前已经使用过的stand for重复，让译文表达更多样化。
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