2. 外语
  3. •Look at the statements below and read the five short passages about free trade. •Which short passage (A, B, C, D or E) does eac

•Look at the statements below and read the five short passages about free trade. •Which short passage (A, B, C, D or E) does eac

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问题 •Look at the statements below and read the five short passages about free trade.
•Which short passage (A, B, C, D or E) does each statement 1-8 refer to?
•For each statement 1-8, mark one letter (A, B, C, D or E) on your Answer Sheet.
•You will need to use some of these letters more than once.
A                                                   Free Trade
Free trade is an economic concept referring to the selling of products between countries without tariffs or other trade barriers. Free trade is the absence of artificial (government-imposed) barriers to trade among individuals and firms in different nations. International trade is often constricted by different national taxes, other fees imposed on exported and imported goods, as well as non-tariff regulations on imported goods; theoretically, free trade is against all these restrictions.  In reality, trade agreements that are labeled as "free trade" by their proponents may actually create their own barriers to a free market. Some critics of such trade agreements see them as protecting the interests of corporations.
B                                                   Protection
If a government allows its citizens to engage in commercial transactions without any restriction of any kind, this is free trade.  However, most international commerce involves government intervention. Protection is any policy that restricts trade in order to protect a domestic industry from foreign competition. Protectionist policies include tariffs (taxes on imports), quotas (limits on the quantity of imports), and non-tariff trade barriers such as mandates on the quality or the content of imported goods. Protection increases the price of imported goods, reducing the amount of imports, thus protecting some domestic industry from foreign competition. It’s important to note that consumers are the main beneficiaries of trade and the main victims of protection. Trade drives down prices allowing consumers to buy more goods and protection increases prices.
C                                                     Tariff
A tariff is a tax placed on imported and/or exported goods, sometimes called a customs duty. A revenue tariff is set with the intent of raising money for the government. A protective tariff, usually applied to imported goods, is intended to artificially inflate prices of imports and "protect" domestic industries from foreign competition. The distinction between protective and revenue tariffs is not very clear; revenue tariffs offer some limited protection, and protective tariffs produce some small revenue. Tariffs are similar to tolls, which are applied to people rather than goods.
D                                            Arguments for Free Trade
Many economists argue that free trade increases the standard of living through the theory of comparative advantage and economies of scale. According to this argument, a country will profit by specializing in the production of goods in which it has a comparative advantage and trading for goods in which it does not have a comparative advantage. Free trade will result in a better use of a country’s resources. Under free trade, a country will use its resources more efficiently in the sense that it will increase the amount of goods available for consumption and production. It will tend to specialize by producing goods that it can produce using fewer resources than its trading partners. This specialization generates the benefits of trade.
E                                            Arguments Against Free Trade
Some other economists argue that free trade allows developed nations to exploit developing nations and to destroy local industry in addition to circumventing social and labor standards. Conversely it has also been argued that free trade hurts developed nations because it causes jobs from those nations to move to other countries as well as producing a race to the bottom which causes a general lowering of health and safety standards.
In reality, the so-called "free trade agreements" may actually create their own barriers to a free market.
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答案A
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