首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. The Extraord
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. The Extraord
admin
2017-09-22
47
问题
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
The Extraordinary Watkin Tench
At the end of 18th century, life for the average British citizen was changing. The population grew as health and industrialisation took hold of the country. However, land and resources were limited. Families could not guarantee jobs for all of their children. People who were poor or destitute had little option. To make things worse, the rate of people who turned to crime to make a living increased. In Britain, the prisons were no longer large enough to hold the convicted people of this growing criminal class. Many towns and governments were at a loss as to what to do. However, another phenomenon that was happening in the 18th century was exploration of other continents. There were many ships looking for crew members who would risk a month-long voyage across a vast ocean. This job was risky and dangerous, so few would willingly choose it. However, with so many citizens without jobs or with criminal convictions, they had little choice. One such member of this new lower class of British citizens was named Watkin Tench. Between 1788 and 1868, approximately 161,700 convicts were transported to the Australian colonies of New South Wales, Van Diemen’s land and Western Australia. Tench was one of these unlucky convicts to sign onto a dangerous journey. When his ship set out in 1788, he signed a three years’ service to the First Fleet.
Apart from his years in Australia, people knew little about his life back in Britain. It was said he was born on 6 October 1758 at Chester in the county of Cheshire in England. He came from a decent background. Tench was a son of Fisher Tench, a dancing master who ran a boarding school in the town and Margaritta Tarleton of the Liverpool Tarletons. He grew up around a finer class of British citizens, and his family helped instruct the children of the wealthy in formal dance lessons. Though we don’t know for sure how Tench was educated in this small British town, we do know that he is well educated. His diaries from his travels to Australia are written in excellent English, a skill that not everyone was lucky to possess in the 18th century. Aside from this, we know little of Tench’s beginnings. We don’t know how he ended up convicted of a crime. But after he started his voyage, his life changed dramatically.
During the voyage, which was harsh and took many months, Tench described landscape of different places. While sailing to Australia, Tench saw landscapes that were unfamiliar and new to him. Arriving in Australia, the entire crew was uncertain of what was to come in their new life. When they arrived in Australia, they established a British colony. Governor Philip was vested with complete authority over the inhabitants of the colony. Though still a young man, Philip was enlightened for his age. From stories of other British colonies, Philip learnt that conflict with the original peoples of the land was often a source of strife and difficulties. To avoid this, Philip’s personal intent was to establish harmonious relations with local Aboriginal people. But Philip’s job was even more difficult considering his crew. Other colonies were established with middle-class merchants and craftsmen. His crew were convicts, who had few other skills outside of their criminal histories. Along with making peace with the Aboriginal people, Philip also had to try to reform as well as discipline the convicts of the colony.
From the beginning, Tench stood out as different from the other convicts. During his initial time in Australia, he quickly rose in his rank, and was given extra power and responsibility over the convicted crew members. However, he was also still very different from the upper-class rulers who came to rule over the crew. He showed humanity towards the convicted workers. He didn’t want to treat them as common criminals, but as trained military men. Under Tench’s authority, he released the convicts’ chains which were used to control them during the voyage. Tench also showed mercy towards the Aboriginal people. Governor Philip often pursued violent solutions to conflicts with the Aboriginal peoples. Tench disagreed strongly with this method. At one point, he was unable to follow the order given by the Governor Philip to punish the ten Aboriginals.
When they first arrived, Tench was fearful and contemptuous towards the Aboriginals, because the two cultures did not understand each other. However, gradually he got to know them individually and became close friends with them. Tench knew that the Aboriginal people would not cause them conflict if they looked for a peaceful solution. Though there continued to be conflict and violence, Tench’s efforts helped establish a more peaceful negotiation between the two groups when they settled territory and land-use issues.
Meanwhile, many changes were made to the new colony. The Hawkesbury River was named by Governor Philip in June 1789. Many native bird species to the river were hunted by travelling colonists. The colonists were having a great impact on the land and natural resources. Though the colonists had made a lot of progress in the untamed lands of Australia, there were still limits. The convicts were notoriously ill-informed about Australian geography, as was evident in the attempt by twenty absconders to walk from Sydney to China in 1791, believing: "China might be easily reached, being not more than a hundred miles distant, and separated only by a river." In reality, miles of ocean separated the two.
Much of Australia was unexplored by the convicts. Even Tench had little understanding of what existed beyond the established lines of their colony. Slowly, but surely, the colonists expanded into the surrounding area. A few days after arrival at Botany Bay, their original location, the fleet moved to the more suitable Port Jackson where a settlement was established at Sydney Cove on 26 January 1788. This second location was strange and unfamiliar, and the fleet was on alert for any kind of suspicious behaviors. Though Tench had made friends in Botany Bay with Aboriginal peoples, he could not be sure this new land would be uninhabited. He recalled the first time he stepped into this unfamiliar ground with a boy who helped Tench navigate. In these new lands, he met an old Aboriginal.
Questions 1-6
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 1-6 on you answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts with the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this.
Military personnel in New South Wales treated convicts kindly.
选项
A、TRUE
B、FALSE
C、NOT GIVEN
答案
A
解析
题干说:新南威尔士的军队人员对待罪犯很友好。首先要了解“military personnel in New South Wales”是由“Governor Philip”领导的,其下可能有数名管理者,瓦金-坦 奇后来成为其中的一名。对于其他统治者的管理方式以及Philip总督解决与原住民冲 突的手段,坦奇持相反态度。根据题干关键信息“treated convicts kindly”定位到原 文第4段“He showed humanity towards the convicted workers.Under Tench’s authority, he released the convicts’chains which were used to control them during the voyage.”这 句是说他展示了人道主义,卸下了所有犯人的链子,也就是说他们对犯人是很好的。 因此,本题的答案为True。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/FaNO777K
本试题收录于:
雅思阅读题库雅思(IELTS)分类
0
雅思阅读
雅思(IELTS)
相关试题推荐
Relativismamountstothedenialofanobjectiveworldaboutwhichtrueandfalsestatementscanbemade;thereisnoabs
Sendingarobotintospacetogatherinformationiscertainlyaviableoption,Linebutshouldberegardedonlyasthat--anopt
Sendingarobotintospacetogatherinformationiscertainlyaviableoption,Linebutshouldberegardedonlyasthat--anopt
Sendingarobotintospacetogatherinformationiscertainlyaviableoption,Linebutshouldberegardedonlyasthat--anopt
Amongcontemporarywritersoffiction,VirginiaWoolfis______figure,insomewaysasradicalasJamesJoyce,inothersnomor
AstheworksofdozensofwomenwritershavebeenrescuedfromwhatE.P.Thompsoncalls"theenormouscondescensiono
WhetherthelanguagesoftheancientAmericanpeopleswereusedforexpressingabstractuniversalconceptscanbeclearlyanswer
Cathedralsusuallytakedecades,evencenturies,tocomplete;thus,nooneexpectedtheNationalCathedraltobebuiltwith_____
Unlikethewildturkey,whichcansuccessfullyflyforshortdistances,thedomesticatedturkeyiscompletely______flight.
随机试题
A、33.B、433.C、44.D、443.B原文提及“英国广播公司每天有44次现场直播的天气预报。”故B正确。事实细节题。文中另外提到“BBC一年播433小时的天气预报。”这有一定的干扰作用,但只要认真听,不难判断出正确的选项。
________是指各种长期的国际贷款和国际债券,常见的形式有________、________、________、________、________,________等。直接投资是指外国资本向东道国直接从事生产及其他经营活动的一种投资,主要包括_____
直接注入下腔静脉的属支是()
A.前列腺素B.促卵泡素C.促黄体素/人绒毛膜促性腺激素D.孕激素E.孕马血清促性腺激素母畜表现出强烈持续发情,发情期延长、间情期缩短,检查卵巢上有1个或数个壁很薄的壁紧张比正常卵泡大的囊泡处理
A.面总静脉B.颞浅静脉C.翼丛D.面深静脉E.上颌静脉与颅内、外静脉有广泛的交通
女,25岁,经常胸闷心悸,经检查诊断为二尖瓣脱垂,其体征应具有下列哪项
弱脉与濡脉的共同特征是
贯彻“安全第一、预防为主”安全生产方针,提高建设项目初期设计本质安全程度的安全评价方法是()。
资本主义商业利润的实质是()。
Musicians—fromkaraokesingerstoprofessionalviolinplayers—arebetterabletoheartargetedsoundsinanoisyenvironment,ac
最新回复
(
0
)