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  3. When A. Philip Randolph assumed the leadership of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, he began a ten-year battle to win rec

When A. Philip Randolph assumed the leadership of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, he began a ten-year battle to win rec

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问题     When A. Philip Randolph assumed the leadership of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, he began a ten-year battle to win recognition from the Pullman Company, the largest private employer of Black people in the United States and the company that controlled the railroad industry’ s sleeping car and parlor service. In 1935 the Brotherhood became the first Black union recognized by a major corporation. Randolph’s efforts in the battle helped transform the attitude of Black workers toward unions and toward themselves as an identifiable group; eventually, Randolph helped to weaken organized labor’ s antagonism toward Black workers.
    In the Pullman contest Randolph faced formidable obstacles. The first was Black workers ’ understandable skepticism toward unions, which had historically barred Black workers from membership. An additional obstacle was the union that Pullman itself had formed, which weakened support among Black workers for an independent entity.
    The Brotherhood possessed a number of advantages, however, including Randolph’ s own tactical abilities. In 1928 he took the bold step of threatening a strike against Pullman. Such a threat, on a national scale, under Black leadership, helped replace the stereotype of the Black worker as servant with the image of the Black worker as wage earner. In addition, the porters’ very isolation aided the Brotherhood. Porters were scattered throughout the country, sleeping in dormitories in Black communities; their segregated life protected the union’ s internal communications from interception. That the porters were a homogeneous group working for a single employer with single labor policy, thus sharing the same grievances from city to city, also strengthened the Brotherhood and encouraged racial identity and solidarity as well. But it was only in the early 1930’s that federal legislation prohibiting a company from maintaining its own unions with company money eventually allowed the Brotherhood to become recognized as the porters representative.
    Not content with this triumph, Randolph brought the Brotherhood into the American Federation of Labor, where it became the equal of the Federa- tion’ s 105 other unions. He reasoned that as a member union, the Brotherhood would be in a better position to exert pressure on member unions that practiced race restrictions. Such restric- tions were eventually found unconstitutional in 1944.
According to the passage, by 1935 the skepticism of Black workers toward unions was
选项 A、unchanged except among Black employees of railroad-related industries.
B、reinforced by the actions of the Pullman Company’s union.
C、mitigated by the efforts of Randolph.
D、weakened by the opening up of many unions to Black workers.
E、largely alleviated because of the policies of the American Federation of Labor.
答案C
解析 1935年以前，黑人工人对于工会的怀疑：A．除了铁路系统，无变化。本文未提。B．因为P公司的举动而加强。这一点文中没有说和黑人对工会的怀疑有关。C．正确。被Randolph的努力缓和了。文中L9—11，1935年，兄弟会已取得成功。L19—21，兄弟会扩充过程中需要和黑人的怀疑倾向作斗争。由此可以推出：1935年之前，此怀疑倾向已被削弱。D．被许多工会向黑人开放削弱。未提。E．美国劳工联合会的政策。未提。
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