2. 外语
  3. Much attention is presently being given to what is termed "functional illiteracy". This should not be confused with the problem

Much attention is presently being given to what is termed "functional illiteracy". This should not be confused with the problem

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问题     Much attention is presently being given to what is termed "functional illiteracy". This should not be confused with the problem of illiteracy, that is, the inability to read and write. Current United Nations (UNESCO) figures indicate that 99 percent of all Americans are literate, the same figure assigned to nations such as Britain, Germany. Functional illiteracy, by contrast, is concerned with how much difficulty people have in actually using and writing skills in everyday situations. This might be interpreted, for example, as the relative ability to understand federal income tax forms, or printed instructions, or how well someone can write a letter of complaint, or apply in writing for a job.
    There are no agreed-upon definitions of what functional illiteracy is and, in practice, definitions vary. widely. For many years, reading tests have been used throughout the country which define reading ability by grade level. "Tenth-grade reading level" for instance, would be the average reading score of all pupils who have completed ten years of school. There are, of course, many different reading tests and types of tests. One definition of functional illiteracy holds that anyone is "illiterate" who reads at less than an eighth-grade level. Another common definition uses a twelfth-grade level ( the last year of high school in the U.S.).
    There seems to be general agreement that at least one-tenth of all Americans are functionally illiterate in English to some degree. It is also hardly surprising that those nations which (like the U. S. ) have paid most attention to this concept, and which have nation-wide testing, have found the greatest problems. As one educator humourously put it, "Reading tests cause illiteracy". Canada, for example, which also has a large non-English-speaking immigrant population, has recently found that many of her citizens, too, are functionally illiterate. The attention given to this problem, therefore, reflects the fact that in North America schools as well as pupils are continually tested.
Which of the following is most probably functionally illiterate?
选项 A、One who reaches tenth grade reading level.
B、One who reaches eighth grade reading level.
C、One who reaches twelfth grade reading level.
D、Not known yet.
答案D
解析 此题的选择项中的词语如tenth-grade reading level等在第二小段中出现过。由第二小段可知一种functional illiteracy的定义认为eighth-grade level以下则为(functionally)"illiterate"；而另一种定义则将标准定为tenth-grade level。但文中并未指出哪一种是公认的，而且此段第一句明确指出there are no agreed-upon definition of what functional illiteracy is。因而此题答案是选项D。
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