The body language is closely related to______.

Body language, with the technical name non-verbal communication, does not involve the use of words, NVC for short.
    When someone is saying something with which he agrees, the average European will smile and nod approval. On the other hand, if you disagree, you may frown and shake your head. Incidentally, I referred a moment ago to "the average European" , (11)because body language is very much tied to culture, and in order not to misunderstand, or not to be misunderstood, you must appreciate this. A smiling Chinese, for instance, may not be approving but acutely embarrassed.
    (12)Quite a lot of work is now being done on the subject of NVC, which is obviously important, for instance, to managers, who have to deal every day with their staff, and have to understand what other people are feeling if they are to create good working conditions. Body language, or NVC signals, are sometimes categorized into five kinds:(1)body and facial gestures:(2)eye contact:(3)body contact or proximity:(4)clothing and physical appearance: and(5)the quality of speech. In some cultures—and I am sure this is a cultural feature and not an individual one—it is quite normal for people to stand close together, or to more or less thrust their face into yours when they are talking to you.(13)In other cultures this is disliked: Americans, for instance, talk about invasion of their space.