首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Ecological economics recognizes that humans and their economies are parts of larger natural e-cosystems and co-evolve with those
Ecological economics recognizes that humans and their economies are parts of larger natural e-cosystems and co-evolve with those
admin
2018-08-25
90
问题
Ecological economics recognizes that humans and their economies are parts of larger natural e-cosystems and co-evolve with those natural systems.【T1】
There is a material and energy basis for the relations between human economies and their ecosystems, defining not only economic, but social , structures and processes.
Economies possess general ecosystem properties, such as dynamism, evolution, integrity, stability and sustenance. Economies are embedded in larger natural ecosystems , and exchange flows of materials and energy with natural systems.
【T2】
What makes humans and their economies unique as a sub-ecosystem is their ability, through willful effort, ignorance and human designed tools, to dramatically restructure and reform processes in ecosystems of which they are a part:
The ability is to such a magnitude that human welfare can be diminished or enhanced by those original actions. Some types of economic activities, and the welfare that originates from them, would not be sustainable if they substantially adversely impact natural systems.
【T3】
The willful effort to extract useful things from natural systems is motivated by the satisfaction of basic biological needs and the seemingly limitless search for pleasure through consumption of goods and through social associations.
The magnitude of potential impact on their own welfare through effects on natural systems requires that human decisions be guided by some notion of the value of their actions and the value of their impacts on ecosystems, either in terms of benefits of use or costs of abuse. Some concept of value is required for rational activities of human economies within their natural systems.
Both the structures and processes of natural systems have identifiable instrumental value to the human economy. These narrow use values may be reflected by the summation of individual values, to the extent they are private. However, natural systems also have aesthetic, moral and cultural values. These values are more intrinsic and unmeasurable using traditional human preferences.
【T4】
Valuation is made more complicated by the fact that our natural environment is highly likely to shape values through establishing social and economic relations, aesthetic standards and culture.
If so, our decisions now about the natural environment will shape future value systems, making values endogenous and, therefore, a poor guide to behavior.【T5】
A way out of this dilemma is to make valuations of natural systems based on "What we would like to see society become" rather than to ask what current valuations are.
The value of natural systems is then based on their ability to assist us in becoming what we wish to be.
【T5】
选项
答案
解决这一困境的方法是使自然体系的价值基于“我们希望社会能够变成的模样”,而非探讨当前的价值是什么。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/6aRd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语四级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语四级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
Thetangohasprobablytraveledfurtherandgonethroughmorechangesthanalmost【21】______.Africanslavesbroughtthetan
Changesinregionalclimatebroughtaboutbylarge-scaledeforestationintheeasternlowlandsofCentralAmericaareaffecting
Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Your
Manyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudent.【21】______alongreadingassignmentis
ItisacknowledgedthatthemodemmusicalshowisAmerica’smostoriginalanddynamiccontributiontowardtheater.Inthelastq
Thepersonwantedbythepoliceisnamed______.
Everyone【21】______ofthePresidentoftheUS【22】______themostpowerfulmanin【23】______Butwhentherepresentatives
Thefactisthattheenergycrisis,whichhassuddenlybeenofficiallyannounced,hasbeenwithusforalongtimenow,andwill
Everyoneknowsthattaxationisnecessaryinamodernstate:21it,itwouldnotbepossibletopaythesoldiersandpolicemenw
hospitals
随机试题
某机场安检工程项目,因行业特殊要求,经有关部门批准,决定采用邀请招标的方式进行招标,分别向A、B、C三家公司发出了投标邀请书,最后这三家公司在投标文件规定的截止时间前均递交了投标文件。投标邀请书应至少涵盖哪些内容?
设C是圆周x2+y2=4,沿逆时针方向,则∮C-ydx+xdy=()
紫珠的功效是
所选电器端子的允许荷载,应大于电器引线在正常运行和短路时的最大作用力。悬式绝缘子荷载短期作用时安全系数为()。
中共中央首个党内法规制定工作五年规划纲要——《中央党内法规制定工作五年规划纲要(2013—2017年)》正式发布。《纲要》对今后5年中央党内法规制定工作进行统筹安排,确定了一批党内法规重点制定项目。这次编制党内法规制定工作五年规划,在我们党历史上
描述从残冬进入早春变化的诗句是:
信息技术的发展会使货币需求发生很大变化,怎样全面的认识?
(1)设f(χ+y,χ-y)=χ2-y2+,求f(u,v),并求.(2)设z=f(χ,y)由f(χ+y,χ-y)=χ2-y2-χy确定,求dz.
A、Engageininterestingdebatesoften.B、Readthescriptsinfrontofamirror.C、Talkwithfriendsaboutdifferenttopics.D、Wr
A、Plantingsometreesinthegreenhouse.B、Writingawantadtoalocalnewspaper.C、PuttingupaGoingOutofBusinesssign.D、
最新回复
(
0
)