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  3. Competition makes losers as well as winners. This fact makes a simple rule for judging when it is useful to society and when it

Competition makes losers as well as winners. This fact makes a simple rule for judging when it is useful to society and when it

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问题    Competition makes losers as well as winners. This fact makes a simple rule for judging when it is useful to society and when it is dangerous. Can we afford to look after the losers? They are not going to vanish.
   Education is a typical example. The market, and the self-interest of parents, would ensure that good schools flourished and bad ones—well, they would disappear. Yet authorities still must ensure that every child has a school place in order to avoid discontent among parents even while the means to do so has largely vanished now that two thirds of secondary schools in Britain are academies which they do not control.
   By encouraging parental choice in schools, successive governments hoped to harness the ambition of families to give their children the best education possible. But this ambition is by its nature limited. It does not extend to other people’s children. In fact, "it is not enough to succeed; others must fail". The burden of student loans increases the price of failure for those who fail to get into the "right" universities or study the "right" subjects. The result is an increase of inequality without any corresponding increase in quality at the top.
   One measure of this is house prices. State schools with a good reputation increase the price of houses in their catchment areas (学生来源地区) substantially. A survey showed that outside London parents were willing to pay up to three times the average price for a house to get their children into desirable schools. Catchment areas operate as a kind of pre-exclusion mechanism, which keeps poorer children out of good schools. In all this, both schools and parents are responding to the competition as a zero-sum game. We are all poorer as a result.
   It is arguable that the cost of bad schools to society, as well as to the children involved, far outweighs the benefits that competition has brought the good ones. School systems should be judged on the basis of their worst performances, not their best.
What happens to education when there is competition?
选项 A、All schools become good schools.
B、Bad schools become costly.
C、It becomes dangerous.
D、Good schools develop quickly.
答案D
解析 事实细节题。由定位句可知，教育具有典型性，市场和父母的利己之心将使得婷学校蓬勃发展，故答案为D)。A)“所有学校都成为好学校”，第一段第一句提到竞争产生失败者和胜利者，第二段第一句提到教育是一个典型的例子，教育有了竞争，必将产生好学校和差学校，故排除；B)“差学校变得昂贵”，文中并没有提到相关内容，故排除该项；C)“教育变得危险”，第五段第一句提到差学校的社会成本及其对孩子的影响是否超过了竞争带给好学校的益处还有争议，并未提到教育是否危险的问题，故排除。
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