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  3. For millions of years before the appearance of the electric light, shift work, allnight cable TV and the Internet, Earth’s creat

For millions of years before the appearance of the electric light, shift work, allnight cable TV and the Internet, Earth’s creat

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问题     For millions of years before the appearance of the electric light, shift work, allnight cable TV and the Internet, Earth’s creatures evolved on a planet with predictable and reassuring 24-hour rhythms. Our biological clocks are set for this daily cycle. Simply put, our bodies want to sleep at night and be awake during the day. Most women and men need between eight and eight and a half hours of sleep a night to function properly throughout their lives. (Contrary to popular belief, humans don’t need less sleep as they age.)
    But on average, Americans sleep only about seven and a half hours per night, a marked drop from the nine hours they averaged in 1910. What’s worse, nearly one third of all Americans get less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night. For most people, that’s not nearly enough.
    Finding ways to get more and better Sleep can be a challenge. Scientists have identified more than 80 different sleep disorders. Some sleeping disorders are genetic. But many problems are caused by staying up late and sleeping in, by traveling frequently between time zones or by working nights. Dr. James F. Jones at National Jewish Medical and Research Center in Denver says that sleep disorders are often diagnosed as other discomforts. About one third of the patients referred to him with possible chronic fatigue syndrome actually have treatable sleep disorders. "Before we do anything else, we look at their sleep, "Jones says.
    Sleep experts say that most people would benefit from a good look at their sleep patterns. "My motto is ’Sleep defensively’," says Mary Carskadon of Brown University. She says people need to carve out sufficient time to sleep, even if it means giving up other things. Sleep routines—like going to bed and getting up at the same time every day—are important. Pre-bedtime activities also make a difference. As with Elaner, who used to suffer from sleeplessness, a few lifestyle changes—avoiding stimulants and late meals, exercising hours before bedtime, relaxing with a hot bath—yield better sleep.
What is TRUE of human sleep?
选项 A、Most people need less sleep when they grow older.
B、Most people need seven and a half hours of sleep every night.
C、On average, people in the U.S. today sleep less per night than they used to.
D、For most people, less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night is enough.
答案C
解析 意为：平均起来，美国人现在每天晚上的睡眠时间比以前少。根据第一段第四句，多数人每晚需要8至8．5个小时的睡眠时间，才能正常应对生活。(与一般人的看法相反，人上了年纪时对睡眠的需要并不减少。)第二段指出，但是，美国人的每晚睡眠时间平均只有约7至7．5个小时——这与1910年的平均9小时相比有明显的下降。更糟糕的是，近乎1/3的美国人在工作日之夜通常睡眠不足于6小时，对大部分人来讲，这是远远不够的(not nearly enough)。
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