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  3. In 1977, the year before I was born, a Senate committee led by George McGovern published its landmark "Dietary Goals for the Uni

In 1977, the year before I was born, a Senate committee led by George McGovern published its landmark "Dietary Goals for the Uni

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问题     In 1977, the year before I was born, a Senate committee led by George McGovern published its landmark "Dietary Goals for the United States," urging Americans to eat less high-fat red meat, eggs and dairy and replace them with more calories from fruits, vegetables and especially carbohydrates.
    By 1980 that wisdom was codified. The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) issued its first dietary guidelines, and one of the primary directives was to avoid cholesterol (胆固醇) and fat of all sorts. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommended that all Americans over the age of 2 cut fat consumption, and that same year the government announced the results of a $150 million study, which had a clear message: Eat less fat and cholesterol to reduce your risk of a heart attack.
    The food industry—and American eating habits—jumped in step. Grocery shelves filled with "light" yogurts, low-fat microwave dinners, cheese-flavored crackers, cookies. Families like mine followed the advice: beef disappeared from the dinner plate, eggs were replaced at breakfast with cereal or yolk-free beaters, and whole milk almost wholly vanished. From 1977 to 2012, per capita consumption of those foods dropped while calories from supposedly healthy carbohydrates increased—no surprise , given that breads, cereals and pasta were at the base of the USDA food pyramid.
    The nation was embarking on a "vast nutritional experiment," as the skeptical president of the National Academy of Sciences, Philip Handler, put it in 1980. But with nearly a million Americans a year dropping dead from heart disease by the mid-’80s, it had to try something.
    Nearly four decades later, the results are in: the experiment was a failure. Americans cut the fat, but by almost every measure, they are sicker than ever. The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in the US increased 166% from 1980 to 2012. Nearly 1 in 10 American adults has the disease, costing the country’s health care system $245 billion a year, and an estimated 86 million people are prediabetic. Deaths from heart disease have fallen—a fact that many experts attribute to better emergency care, less smoking and widespread use of cholesterol-controlling drugs like statins—but cardiovascular (心血管的) disease remains the country’s No. 1 killer.
We can learn from Paragraph 2 that ______.
选项 A、NIH’s suggestion was written into the code decades ago
B、NIH suggested that all Americans take in no more fat
C、government spent a lot of money in curing heart attack
D、poor eating habits may increase the risk of certain diseases
答案D
解析 选项A对应该段首句：By 1980 that wisdom was codified．其中，“that wisdom”指代上一段George McGovern提出的建议，而不是NIH，故该项属于偷换概念。选项B对应该段第三行：The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommended that all Americans over the age of 2 cut fat consumption…该项把原文的“all Americans over the age of 2”替换成“all Americans”，把“cut fat consumption(减少脂肪摄入量)”替换成“take in no more fat(不再摄入脂肪)”，故该项错误。原文中与选项C接近的信息只有“the government announced the results of a $150 million study”，但并未提到这些钱用于治疗心脏病，故该项错误。选项D对应最后一句：Eat less fat and cholesterol to reduce your risk of a heart attack．意为：减少脂肪和胆固醇摄入量可以减少患心脏病的几率。由此推断出“不良饮食习惯可能增加患某些疾病的几率”这一表述正确，即选项D为正确答案。
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考研英语一

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