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  3. Society was fascinated by science and things scientific in the nineteenth century. Great breakthroughs in engineering, the use o

Society was fascinated by science and things scientific in the nineteenth century. Great breakthroughs in engineering, the use o

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问题      Society was fascinated by science and things scientific in the nineteenth century. Great breakthroughs in engineering, the use of steam power, and electricity were there for all to see, enjoy, and suffer. Science was fashionable and it is not surprising that, during this great period of industrial development, scientific methods should be applied to the activities of man, particularly to those involved in the processes of production. Towards the end of the nineteenth century international competition began to make itself felt. The three industrial giants of the day, Germany, America, and Great Britain, began to find that there was a limit to the purchasing power of the previously apparently inexhaustible markets. Science and competition therefore provided the means and the need to improve industrial efficiency.
     Frederick Winslow Taylor is generally acknowledged as being the father of the scientific management approach, as a result of the publication of his book. The Principles of Scientific Management, published in 1911. However, numerous other academics and practitioners had been actively applying such approaches since the beginning of the century. Charles Babbage, and English academic, well-known for his invention of the mechanical computer (with the aid of a government grant as long as 1820) applied himself to the costing of processes, using scientific methods, and indeed might well be recognized as one of the fathers of cost accounting. Taylor was of well-to-do background and received an excellent education but, partly owing to troubles with his eyesight, decided to become an engineering apprentice. He spent some twenty-five years in the tough, sometimes brutal, environment of the US steel industry and carefully studied methods of work when he eventually attained supervisory status. He made various significant innovations in the area of steel processing, but his claim to fame is through his application of methods of science to methods of work, and his personal efforts that proved they could succeed in a hostile environment.
     In 1901, Taylor left the steel industry and spent the rest of his life trying to promote the principles of managing scientifically and emphasizing the human aspects of the method, over the slavedriving methods common in his day. He died in 1915, leaving a huge school of followers to promote his approach worldwide.
Taylor is most famous for ______.
选项 A、his application of scientific methods to work
B、his book named The Principles of Scientific Management
C、his various innovations in steel processing
D、the spreading of his scientific management method
答案A
解析 具体题。泰勒主要是以其科学的管理方法在工作中的应用而闻名于世。注意文章第二段最后一句中的关键词his claim to fame is through...，意为“他的成名是通过……”。这本书的出版使泰勒成了科学管理方法之父，并有一大批学术界人士和实践者追随，但他并不以此闻名于世。所以B项不对。第二段最后一句中转折词but的使用说明他并不是因为在炼钢领域进行了各种重大改革而成名的。所以C项不对。从文章的二、三段中了解到，泰勒是在成名后的有生之年，进行科学管理方法的推广工作的。所以D项是不对的。
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