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  3. Spiritualism, the doctrine that it is possible to communicate with the spirits of the deceased through specially talented person

Spiritualism, the doctrine that it is possible to communicate with the spirits of the deceased through specially talented person

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问题 Spiritualism, the doctrine that it is possible to communicate with the spirits of the deceased through specially talented persons called mediums, is fraudulent. As long ago as the 1870’s, Professor Edwin Lankester showed that the purported "spirit writing" of the famed medium Henry Slade was present on a slate before the "spirits" were supposed to have begun writing on it. This example demonstrates that the doctrine of spiritualism is worthless. If the example above is correctly reported, which of the following is the best argument against the conclusion drawn above?
选项 A、There cannot be proof that the spirits of the deceased do not exist.
B、The conclusion depends on a historical report, and such reports of past events do not recount all of the circumstances.
C、The cited evidence presupposes what is to be proved.
D、A single instance of fraud cannot show that the doctrine is false in general.
E、The correctness of the report depends on the veracity of antispiritualists, who may be expected to be biased.
答案D
解析 本题推理犯了典型的以偏概全的逻辑错误 问题目的是让我们去驳斥段落的观点：招魂术是骗人的，毫无价值的，而段落中仅引用了一个案例去作为证据，犯了以偏概全的逻辑错误。(D)指出了这一点，驳斥了文中结论，所以(D)是正确答案
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