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  3. The conclusion of a new study by sociologists from the University of Toronto won’t come as a surprise to working women: they fee

The conclusion of a new study by sociologists from the University of Toronto won’t come as a surprise to working women: they fee

admin2013-07-20  104
问题     The conclusion of a new study by sociologists from the University of Toronto won’t come as a surprise to working women: they feel more guilty than men about taking work-related phone calls or e-mails at home. And lest you assume it’s all about work-family balance, consider that women who were single and childless also felt more guilty.
    Researchers looked at data from the 2005 US Work, Stress and Health Survey, which asked 1 042 working adults to describe the frequency with which
    "boundary-spanning" responsibilities—such as calls, e-mails and texts from bosses, coworkers or clients— intruded into their home lives. Respondents also reported their levels of distress and guilt over the intrusions. The more work-related calls and e-mails women took after hours, the researchers found, the more guilt and distress they had; no such increase was reported by men. Women’s guilt persisted even when their work didn’t interfere with family life.
    "Initially, we thought women were more distressed by frequent work contact because it interfered with their family responsibilities more so than men," study author Paul Glavin, a doctoral student at the University of Toronto, said in a statement. "However, this wasn’t the case. We found that women are able to juggle their work and family lives just as well as men, but they feel more guilty as a result of being contacted. This guilt seems to be at the heart of their distress."
    The survey sample tended to skew (使偏颇)older (average age 47)and female (59%), and participants were more likely to be married and to have higher education and income levels than the general population. But given the blurring of boundaries between work and home life, the study raises important issues, especially for working women. Indeed, within the surveyed group, women consistently reported more guilt despite their type of job, income level or their particular "division of labor" and responsibilities at home.
    The first step is to try to understand why women feel more guilty. Wrote the researchers: Despite the reality that family structures and parenting practices change with broader social and economic contexts, the gender contingencies (偶发事件)that we find in the associations between work contact and guilt and distress suggest that salient gender differences remain with regard to work-family role expectations. In other words, even though more men are taking part in raising the kids and doing housework, and more women are earning incomes outside the home, it’s possible that women still perceive the work-life balance differently because of enduring gender roles.
    "These forces may lead some women to question or negatively evaluate their family role performance when they’re trying to navigate (应对)work issues at home," co-author Scott Schieman, a professor at the University of Toronto, told Reuters.
According to the research, women’s guilt is proportional to______.
选项 A、the number of e-mails and calls about work
B、the stress from the work and life
C、the family responsibilities they shoulder
D、the type of work and income level
答案A
解析 细节辨认题。定位句指出，与工作相关的电话或邮件越多，女性感到越内疚、苦恼。也就说女性的内疚程度和与工作相关的电话、邮件的数量成正比。题干中的proportional to是对原文中的the more…themore…的同义转述。因此答案为A)“与工作相关的邮件和电话的数量”。
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