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  3. The Internet has enabled the spread of information at lightning speed. This information revolution has created tremendous busine

The Internet has enabled the spread of information at lightning speed. This information revolution has created tremendous busine

admin2020-11-04  92
问题    The Internet has enabled the spread of information at lightning speed. This information revolution has created tremendous business opportunities for online publishers, but not all of them maintain proper quality-control mechanisms to ensure that only good information is being shared. Instead, many publishers aim simply to make money by whatever means possible, with no regard for the implications for society at large.
   When selfish publishers set up shops online, the primary goal is to publish as much as possible, often at the cost of quality. In this respect, many publishers start numerous online journals focused on overlapping (重叠的) disciplines—to increase their total number of published papers—and hire young business managers who do not have any experience in either science or publishing. In some cases, online publishers even give up peer review, while still presenting themselves as scientific journals—deception designed to take advantage of scientists who simply want to share their research.
   If publishers structure their business to make more revenue, it often does harm to their products. When publishers start journals with overlapping domains, in combination with the pressure to publish more studies, this could promote the publication of marginal or even questionable articles. Moreover, publishers with multiple overlapping journals and journals with very narrow specialties (专业) increase the demands on the time and efforts of willing reviewers. With the fact that reviewers are generally not compensated for their time and effort, journal editors are often unable to find enough reviewers to keep up with the increased publication rate.
   To improve the situation and increase the trust in scientific community, the pressure to publish must be reduced. Funding and promotion decisions should not be based on the number of publications, but on the quality of those publications and a researcher’s long-term productivity and instructions.
   And that’s just the start. We need additional mechanisms, such as Beall’s list of predatory (掠夺的) publishers, to alert scientists to fake journals and fake articles. In addition, the price for online publication must be controlled and a mechanism must be put in place to honor and reward hard-working reviewers.
Why can’t publishers find enough reviewers to review papers?
选项 A、Reviewers are pressed for time when reviewing articles.
B、Reviewers’ gains can’t make up for what they have done.
C、Publishers may compel reviewers to accept marginal articles.
D、Publishers urge reviewers to increase publication rate rapidly.
答案B
解析 事实细节题。定位句提到，由于审稿人所投入的时间和精力一般得不到补偿，所以期刊编辑通常无法找到足够的审稿人来跟上不断提高的出版率，故答案为B)。A)“审稿人的审稿时间紧迫”，定位句只提到审稿人的时间和精力一般得不到补偿，并没有指出具体原因，故排除；C)“出版商强迫审稿人接受边缘文章”，该段第二句提到，出版商创刊时从重叠领域人手，加上发表更多研究成果的压力，可能促使发表边缘化文章甚至令人质疑的文章，与审稿人无关，故排除；D)“出版商敦促审稿人快速提高出版率”，定位句提到无法找到足够的审稿人来跟上不断提高的出版率，并非审稿人要提高出版率，故排除。
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大学英语四级

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