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  3. 61) The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers

61) The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers

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问题 61) The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen,  striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures; largely determines how these goods and services are produced. 62) Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
   An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. 63) In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. 64) If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.
   65) The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
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答案美国的经济体系基本上是按照私人企业、市场经济的模式建立的。在这种经济体制下，消费者的消费和他们所最需要的服务在很大程度上决定了产品的生产。
解析 这是一个含有定语从句的复合句，由in which引导。定语从句中又含有一个宾语从句和定语从句。
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