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  3. People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person

People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person

admin2012-07-17  56
问题     People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
    Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often referred to as "nature/nurture".
    Two who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.
    Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
    Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
Concerning the nature/nurture controversy, the writer of this article______.
选项 A、supports the nature theory
B、supports the nurture theory
C、believes both are completely wrong
D、thinks that the correct explanation of human behavior will take ideas from both theories
答案D
解析 本题涉及作者的观点。问关于本性论和教养论，本文作者的看法是什么。根据文章最后一段，作者指出两种理论都不能圆满地解释人类的行为。事实上，对这一问题解释的关键很可能存在于这两个极端理论之间。不过这两种相互矛盾的理论肯定还会存在很长时间。所以，作者的观点是：对人类行为的正确解释应该借鉴两种不同理论中的正确观点。因此，本题的正确答案应是D。
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