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  3. Americans find it difficult to think about old age until they arc propelled into the midst of it by their own aging and that of

Americans find it difficult to think about old age until they arc propelled into the midst of it by their own aging and that of

admin2011-01-26  93
问题    Americans find it difficult to think about old age until they arc propelled into the midst of it by their own aging and that of relatives and friends. Aging is the neglected stepchild of the human life cycle. Though we have begun to examine the socially taboo subjects of dying and death, we have leaped over that long period of time preceding death known as old age. In truth, it is easier to manage  the problem of death than the problem of living as an old person. Death is a dramatic, one-time crisis while old age is a day-by-day and yea?-by-year confrontation with powerful external and internal  forces, a bittersweet coming to terms with one’ s own personality and one’ s life. (1)
    We base our feelings on primitive fears, prejudice and stereotypes rather than on knowledge and insight. In reality， the way one experiences old age is contingent upon circumstances of late-life events  (in what order they occur, how they occur, when they occur) and the social supports one receives: adequate finances, shelter, medical care ， social roles, religious support, recreation. (2) All of these are crucial and interconnected elements which together determine the quality of late life.
    Old age is neither inherently miserable nor inherently sublime—like every stage of life it has problems, joys, fears and potentials. The process of aging and eventual death must ultimately be accepted  as the natural progression of the life cycle, the old completing their prescribed life spans and making way for the young. (3) Much that is unique in old age in fact derives from the reality of aging  and the imminence of death. The old must clarify and find use for what they have attained in a lifetime of learning and adapting; they must conserve strength and resources where necessary and adjust  creatively to those changes and losses that occur as part of the aging experience. (4) The elderly have the potential for qualities of human reflection and observation which can only come from having lived an entire life span. There is a lifetime accumulation of personality and experience which is available to be used and enjoyed. (5)
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答案 死亡是富有戏剧性的、一次性危机，而老年则是一天天、一年年地与强大的内外力量抗争。一种苦乐掺半的逐渐适应自己老年时的个性和生活的过程。 (2)事实上，一个人如何经历老年因下列因素而异：身体健康状况、性格、早年经历、晚年事变的具体情形(这些事变发生之先后、情况及具体时间)及他得到的社会支持，如是否有足够的金钱、住处、医疗、社会任务、宗教支持、文化娱乐等。 (3)衰老的过程及最后的死广必须从根本上被看作是生命周期的自然进程，老人结束他们各自的寿数，是为了给年轻人让出空间。 (4)老人必须弄清自己毕生所学的东西并加以利用，他们必须在必要时，保持精力和物力，并创造性地使自己适应于衰老过程中必定会经历的变化与损失。 (5) 年才老时还可以使用和回味在一生中积累形成的品格与经验。
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