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  3. The most complex lesson the literary point of view teaches—and it is not, to be sure, a lesson available to all, and is even dif

The most complex lesson the literary point of view teaches—and it is not, to be sure, a lesson available to all, and is even dif

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问题 The most complex lesson the literary point of view teaches—and it is not, to be sure, a lesson available to all, and is even difficult to keep in mind once acquired—is to allow the intellect to become subservient to the heart. What wide reading teaches is the richness, the complexity, the mystery of life. In the wider and longer view, I have come to believe, there is something deeply apolitical—something above politics—in literature, despite what feminist, Marxist, and other politicized literary critics may think. If at the end of a long life of reading the chief message you bring away is that women have had it lousy, or that capitalism stinks, or that attention must above all be paid to victims, then I’d say you just might have missed something crucial. Too bad, for there probably isn’t time to go back to re-read your lifetime’s allotment of five thousand or so books.
People who have read with love and respect understand that the larger message behind all books, great and good and even some not so good as they might be, is, finally, cultivate your sensibility so that you may trust your heart. The charmingly ironic point of vast reading, at least as I have come to understand it, is to distrust much of one’s education. Unfortunately, the only way to know this is first to become educated, just as the only way properly to despise success is first to achieve it.
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答案 从文学视角来看，我们得到的最深刻的教训，是令理智屈从于情感。诚然，这个教训并不是每个人都能领悟到的，即使曾一时领悟，之后也很难铭记于心。广泛阅读教人懂得了生命的丰富多彩、错综复杂和神秘莫测。无论女权主义者、马克思主义者或是其他政治性文学评论家怎样认为，从更广阔和长远的角度来看，我认为文学中有些东西是与政治无关的，甚至超越了政治。如果读了一辈子的书，你得到的启示只是：女人总是把事情搞砸、资本主义腐朽不堪，或是我们必须首先关注受害者，诸如此类，那么我会说，你很可能没有领悟文学的实质。糟糕的是，人的一生大约能读5 000本书，而你可能没有时间把它们重读一遍了。 读书时心怀爱与尊重的人深有体会，无论是阅读著作、佳作，抑或平庸之作，识字读文之后更重要的是培养人的感性思维，让人学会相信内心。至少在我看来，广泛阅读颇具讽刺意味的迷人之处在于让读书之人怀疑自己所受的教育，可遗憾的是，想有此领悟，就必须先接受教育。正如要想真正地蔑视成功，首先得取得成功一样。
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