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  3. In addition to their military role, the foals of the nineteenth century provided numerous other benefits for the American West.

In addition to their military role, the foals of the nineteenth century provided numerous other benefits for the American West.

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问题      In addition to their military role, the foals of the nineteenth century provided numerous other benefits for the American West. Tile establishment of these posts opened new roads and provided for the protection of daring adventurers and expeditions as well as established settlers. Forts also served as bases where enterprising entrepreneurs could bring commerce to the West, providing supplies and refreshments to soldiers as well ’as to pioneers. Posts like Fort Laramie provided supplies for wagon trains traveling the natural highways toward new frontiers. Some posts became stations for the pony express; still others, such as Fort Davis, were stagecoach stops for weary travelers. All of these functions, of course, suggest that the contributions of the forts to the civilization and development of the West extended beyond patrol duty.
     Through the establishment of military posts, yet other contributions were made to the development of western culture. Many posts maintained libraries or reading rooms, and some--for example, Fort Davis--had schools. Post chapels provided a setting for religious services and weddings. Throughout the wilderness, post bands provided entertainment and boosted morale. During the last part of the nineteenth century, to reduce expenses, gardening was encouraged at the forts, thus making experimental agriculture became another activity of the military.  The military stationed at the various forts also played a role in civilian life by assisting in maintaining order, and civilian officials often called on the army for protection.
     Certainly, among other significant contributions the army made to the improvement of the conditions of life was the investigation of the relationships among health, climate, and architecture.  From the earliest colonial times throughout the nineteenth century, disease ranked as the foremost problem in defense. It slowed construction of forts and inhibited their military function. Official documents from many regions contained innumerable reports of sickness that virtually incapacitated entire garrisons. In response to the problems, detailed observations of architecture and climate and their relationships to the frequency of the occurrence of various diseases were recorded at various posts across the nation by military surgeons.
The author organizes the discussion of forts by ________.
选项 A、describing their locations
B、comparing their sizes
C、explaining their damage to the environment
D、listing their contributions to western life
答案D
解析 作者通过什么样的方式来组织对堡垒的讨论：A描述他们的环境；B比较他们的规模；C解释他们的对环境的损害；D列举他们对西部的贡献。全文分成三段分别讲述了城堡在丰富人民生活，保护人们的安全，促进人民的彼此联系等方面对美国西部的巨大贡献，故D是正确选项。
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