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  3. A saying quite often cited is "Failure is Mother to Success". Therefore, some people argue that only through mistakes can there

A saying quite often cited is "Failure is Mother to Success". Therefore, some people argue that only through mistakes can there

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问题     A saying quite often cited is "Failure is Mother to Success". Therefore, some people argue that only through mistakes can there be discoveries and progress. Do you agree with them? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.
    In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.
    Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
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答案 Failure Not Necessarily Mother to Success "Failure is mother to success", a more popular and more widely publicized version of "Only through mistakes will there be discoveries and progress", has been advocated and championed as an adage of encouragement. Nevertheless, it should also be pointed out that it is seriously misleading to take this apparently encouraging remark as a lifelong principle and to live by this principle. The process of "making mistakes", especially when it is connected with "making discoveries", strongly implies that a human agent, presumably a scientist, is engaged in an act of highly positivistic and empirical scientific research. However, with life being so transitory, we should keep in mind that the wealth of scientific knowledge accumulated by the scientists who precede us can help us effectively and directly head toward discoveries and progress by bypassing possible pitfalls and mistakes. The fact that we can exploit existing scientific findings in a more speedy and fruitful manner precludes us from the necessity to achieve scientific progress by resorting to mistake-making as a source of knowledge, as is advocated by the foregoing argument. Moreover, the proposition that "only through mistakes will there be discoveries and progress" induces the illusion that, as long as researchers keep on undertaking trials and experiments regardless of efficiency and cost, victory will be there automatically and inevitably. The proposition that perseverance will ultimately lead to discoveries and progress further implies that every scientific effort would end up in success. There would never be such a thing as resignation or giving up halfway, as if success can always be guaranteed by an "anti-failure insurance company." But there are instances in which certain scientific missions have to be terminated eternally because the prospect of a discovery is indeed bleak. If we allow ourselves to cherish the blind faith in an ultimate victory, those mistake-makers would comfortably indulge themselves in committing infinite mistakes, and even blind mistakes. On the other hand, this will also give rise to the development of magnanimous but ill-fated tolerance on the part of the general public for mistake-making. The proposed argument is seriously flawed with the use of the word "only", which posits the committing of mistakes as an absolute condition for accomplishing discoveries and progress, ignoring the foundational importance of the research performed by those scientists preceding us.
解析     作者在文章一开头就出人意料，用seriously misleading来形容一句我们已经耳熟能详，甚至奉为座右铭的话语，然而作者在主体两段中的论述却不南得不让人信服。既然前人已经为我们奠定了扎实的根基，我们为何还要事倍功半地选择犯错这一条路呢?盲目笃信这句话更是会带来严重后果，不仅会有人钻空子，从事一些根本不可能有结果的所谓研究，而且公众也可能不明就里地容忍犯错行为，最终只会造成社会资源的极大浪费。结尾段再次点题，讲明题目中论述的谬误所在。
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