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  3. Let’s now briefly consider a generally honored but sometimes maligned (有坏影响的) type of scientist, the theorist. Theorists are con

Let’s now briefly consider a generally honored but sometimes maligned (有坏影响的) type of scientist, the theorist. Theorists are con

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问题     Let’s now briefly consider a generally honored but sometimes maligned (有坏影响的) type of scientist, the theorist. Theorists are considered separately, since they are the rarest, most fascinating, and most important of the species Scientificus. Their motivational system most often is that of the Player, although occasionally it is that of the Operator.
    Although theorists are often viewed as cold, rational, deliberate machines, they are generally almost the opposite of this popular picture. They are usually individuals of strong feelings who have the ego (自我) of actors and an irrational, almost mystic attachment to particular views of their discipline. The appearance of cool deliberation is their public face, which often represents only their disdain (轻蔑) for contact with the spectators.
    There are important occupational differences between theorists and other scientists. Theorists set the framework within which others do their research. Those other than the theorists do the important work of filling in details of existing theories. Non-theorists fulfill a relatively safe and useful function. Their work contributes to science but does not threaten the individual scientist unless he or she happens to accumulate evidence contrary to the status quo.
    What is the general personality makeup of theorists? Are they normal, neurotic, or even psychotic? They rarely fit the pattern of middle-class normality, and yet they are intensely in touch with their own reality. Perhaps they don’t fit any of the usual categories. George Bernard Shaw once said, "The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore, all progress depends on the unreasonable man." Perhaps his message was to tolerate the dissenters (反对者), the faddists, the kooks (狂人), and in general those who disagree with what we know are right  so long as they don’t become too violent. Tolerate them, not out of any sense of humanity but for crass self-interest. A few of them are innovators, and society needs them infinitely more than they need society.
    In reviewing all the group of scientists and science-trained individuals we have encountered, we find a range of individuals spread over the whole spectrum of human behavior but with some important common characteristics. Scientists are neither supermen nor naive children. They are not foggily absent-minded or unrealistic; rather, many of the things they consider important and real are often quite different from those of the "everyday" world.
In the author’s opinion, who contribute(s) to the progress of human society?
选项
答案The unreasonable man. / Theorists.
解析
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