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  3. 　　Growing up in poverty can have long-term negative consequences for children. Now, a study offering unconditional cash to a gro

　　Growing up in poverty can have long-term negative consequences for children. Now, a study offering unconditional cash to a gro

admin2022-02-15  12
问题 　　Growing up in poverty can have long-term negative consequences for children. Now, a study offering unconditional cash to a group of mothers on low incomes in the US is beginning to discover the precise role of parental income in child development. It is the first randomised trial to look at whether a basic income might affect the way a child’s brain develops in this critical period.
　　We know that the first few years of a child’s life are the most influential for their development. Brain development is particularly rapid in early childhood and therefore more likely to be influenced by the environment.
　　It isn’t clear whether low income directly leads to these outcomes, or whether they are a result of other factors associated with growing up in poverty. To find out, Kimberly Nobleat in Columbia University and her colleagues approached women on low incomes who had just given birth at four sites in the US. Around 1,000 women agreed to be part of the study and were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group, consisting of 40 percent of the women, receives an unconditional cash gift of $ 330 per month, and the other group receives $ 20 per month. The first babies in the study were born in May 2018, and the team has been following them every year. Preliminary findings were presented last week at the Virtual Society for Besearch in Child Development Conference.
　　The team is measuring several things throughout the study. At each yearly follow-up, children are assessed for measures like sleep quality, developmental milestones, overall health and emotional development. One unique aspect of the study is the use of mobile EEG headsets to monitor the infants’ brain activity in their home environments.
　　Almost $ 4 million has been given out through the study so far. Though it is too early to draw full conclusions, some preparatory results are already of interest. For example, some of the parents have allowed the researchers to keep track of their transactions. Those in the high-cash group appear to be spending more on books for their children, and spending more time reading together. This is potentially good news because reading to infants is known to be good for cognitive development, vocabulary and promoting important bonds between adults and children.
　　The researchers say it also seems like very little money was spent on what they call temptation goods like gambling, alcohol and tobacco. Eventually, the findings could help with policy interventions to assist children born into poverty, or even to find ways to buffer against the effects of poverty later in life.
Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
选项 A、How Money Affects Child Development
B、How Reading Affects Cognitive Development
C、What Can We Do to Help Children Born into Poverty
D、What Leads to Poor Performance of Children Born into Poverty
答案A
解析 主旨题。解答主旨题的关键是通过把握各段的段落大意(一般位于段落的首尾句)来把握全文主旨。需要排除文章某一句或者某一段内容的干扰，虽然这些信息很熟悉，但是由于过于局部而无法概括全文，如本题的选项B。选项B为第五段提到的细节性内容，不足以概括全文，故排除；最后一段中提到“这些发现可能有助于政策干预，以帮助出生在贫困中的儿童，甚至还可能帮助(政府)找到减轻贫困影响的方法”，但是并没有具体提出怎么去做，故排除选项C；选项D为无中生有，故排除；整篇文章都在讨论金钱是如何影响孩子的发展的，故选项A正确。
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