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  3. A new neuroimaging study provides strong evidence that unusual shyness in children may result from higher activity in the amygda

A new neuroimaging study provides strong evidence that unusual shyness in children may result from higher activity in the amygda

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问题     A new neuroimaging study provides strong evidence that unusual shyness in children may result from higher activity in the amygdala, a brain structure involved in vigilance and fear. Using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)to examine adults who had been unusually shy in childhood, researchers showed pictures of unfamiliar faces, and those who were once shy displayed much higher activity in the amygdala than people who had been unusually outgoing as children.
    It has long been hypothesized that extreme shyness, which emerges in infancy and often persists into adulthood, must have some distinctive signature in the developing brain. However, this idea has not been tested directly because it is difficult to conduct brain imaging experiments with very young children. So Carl Schwartz did the next best thing—they studied 20-year-olds who were known to have been shy or outgoing as children. Schwartz says the study’s design has in fact allowed him to support "an even more wild hypothesis" that the brain differences underlying shyness in infancy can be seen with MRI two decades later.
    Some infants boldly approach new people, objects or situations, while others are timid when faced with anything unfamiliar. Children who are timid are said by psychologists to have "inhibited" temperaments and they are more prone to anxiety disorders; some even develop generalized social phobia, in which social encounters are so terrifying that they are avoided altogether. But Schwartz points out that only two of the nine subjects in the study who had been inhibited as children developed social phobia. He cautions that temperaments, in themselves, are not pathologies but basic "flavors" of human beings.
According to the text, the experience of shyness can be measured______.
选项 A、by brain imaging experiments with young children
B、by measuring the size of the amygdala
C、by the degree of social phobia an individual has
D、by using an MRI machine with adults
答案D
解析 属事实信息题。第二段末尾表明，害羞的经历可以通过用磁共振成像研究成人得到测定。
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