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  3. Psychologists who adopt a strong behaviorist position deny that emotion experiences are matters for scientific inquiry. In contr

Psychologists who adopt a strong behaviorist position deny that emotion experiences are matters for scientific inquiry. In contr

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问题      Psychologists who adopt a strong behaviorist position deny that emotion experiences are matters for scientific inquiry. In contrast, some biosocial theories hold that emotion feelings must be studied because they are the primary factors in organizing and motivating human behavior. According to these theories, most of the functions attributed to emotion expressions. Such as empathy and altruism, are dependent on the organizing and motivating properties of underlying emotion feelings. Emotion experiences have several other functions.
     Several lines of research have shown that induced emotion affects perception, learning, and memory. In one study, conducted by Carroll E. Izard and his students, subjects were made happy or angry and then shown happy and angry faces and friendly and hostile interpersonal scenes in a stereoscope. Happy subjects perceived more happy faces and friendly interpersonal scenes, and angry subjects perceived more angry faces and hospital interpersonal scenes. In this case, emotion apparently altered the basic perceptual process. In another study subjects were made happy or sad and then given happy and sad information about fictional persons and later asked to give their impressions and make judgments about the fictional characters. Overall, happy subjects reported more favorable impressions and positive judgments than sad subjects did. These studies provide evidence for the common wisdom that happy people are more likely to see the world through rose-colored glasses.
     An extensive series of studies indicated that positive emotion feelings enhance empathy and altruism. It was shown by the American psychologist Alice M. Isen that relatively small favors or bits or good luck (like finding money in coin telephone or getting an unexpected gift) induced positive emotion in people and that such emotion regularly increased the subjects’ inclination to sympathize or provide help.
     Several studies have demonstrated that positive emotion facilitates creative problem solving. One of these studies showed that positive emotion enabled subjects to name more uses for common objects. Another showed that positive emotion enhanced creative problem solving by enabling subjects to see relations among objects that would otherwise go unnoticed. A number of studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of positive emotion on thinking, memory, and action in preschool and older children.
The sentence "positive emotion feelings enhance empathy and altruism" (line 1, paragraph 3) most probably means
选项 A、positive emotion feelings are sought after by everyone.
B、positive emotion feelings make people likely to show sympathy and be unselfish.
C、positive emotion feelings improve one’s health greatly.
D、positive emotion feelings happiness and luck to one’s lives.
答案B
解析 本题考查语义理解。需要读懂第三段的内容，特别是empathy和altruism。这两个都是超纲词，必须通过上下文来确定其含义。本段最后一句中谈到，积极的情感有助于人们富有同情心(sympathize)或乐于助人(provide help)，这和选项B 中的show sympathy和be unselfish基本吻合。尽管be unselfish(不自私的)和provide help不是同义词，但只有不自私的人才乐于助人。这样联系起来就吻合了。选项 A 和C 在文中根本没有提到；选项D 与第三段内容不符。原文中讲的是幸福会诱发出人们的积极情感，而不是积极的情感给人们的生活增添了幸福。故选项B 为正确答案。
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